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Cayuga Nurseries ^!!!^t^/84r-i^ I 
INTRODUCTORY 
After many years of hard work and careful observation, we have come to believe that 
two chief causes of so many short-lived, sickly and unfruitful trees are: 1st, A forced 
growth in the early life of the plant, and 2nd, the indiscriminate cutting of scions and 
buds from the young trees in the nursery row without any knowledge of their constitu- 
tional vigor or fruiting qualities. 
Propagating from trees of known fruitful habits and Constitutional Vigor. This can- 
not be practiced altogether, but in many cases we follow this practice of cutting our 
buds from fruiting trees on our own grounds, and sometimes going many miles from 
home to secure buds from certain strains which have shown early fruiting habits. This 
is what we mean by well Guarded Parentage, called by some "tree breeding." By this 
process we are more likely to get strong Constitutional qualities, and trees of early fruit- 
ing habits. The form and comeliness of a tree are good points, but should not be gained 
at the expense of destroying its constitution by too much nitrogen to push its growth. 
A tree or plant may be ruined by forcing its growth in early life. 
A Tree of weak constitution, from any cause whatever, is much more subject to at-- 
tack from insect-pests than a tree constitutionally strong. 
There is nothing that will so shock a tree as to stimulate it to an unnatural, forced 
growth up to the time of transplanting, and then remove it to a soil, the fertility of 
which is much weaker, causing the tree or plant to practically stand still a year or more, 
by which it receives a shock from which it is difficult to recover. 
After transplanting to the orchard where the tree is to remain, we advise fertilizers 
of such a character as the soil and tree may require, and applied at such times as not to 
produce growth late in the season, as the wood should be well ripened and hardened be- 
fore going into winter. 
Our stocks, upon which our different varieties are worked, are selected with the 
greatest care, looking to the hardiness and longevity of the tree. 
FUMIGATION 
All stock thoroughly fumigated with hydrocyanic acid gas unless otherwise ordered. 
Some who are quite determined not to go to this expense claim it is injurious to stock. 
The highest authorities in the United States, after most thorough tests, advocate this 
practice as the most effective way to rid trees and plants of the numerous insect pests to 
which they are subject. No orchardist of intelligence will plant trees unless they have 
been fumigated. It is safer for you to place your order with one who willingly fumi- 
gates, than to send it elsewhere. Our system of fumigation, together with careful State 
mspection, should make you feel safe in placing your order with us. See Certificate 
below. 
