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attention. It would be enough if it were only that sweet and 
wholesome substances were obtained, in place of those 
that produced danger to all who partook of the air and 
water so polluted on the old plan. Rapid action for 
hours, with powers easily managed, takes the place of 
seasons, and inconstancy at every step dependant upon 
climate and atmospheric changes ; instead of slovenly 
labour and wide space, here skilled labour and machinery 
can operate, with spaces not larger than the bulks of 
the material to be stored up ; in place of disagreeable 
sources of disease and decay, food of a beneficial kind is 
produced. Not merely are the compressed juices employed, 
but the seed bolls and chaff are used for food, and the less 
nutritious portion or woody fibre is positively used as fuel to 
raise the steam. 
Schenck's plan had suggested the probable value of the 
steep waters, but the quantity of valuable manure is so small, 
and is dissolved in so much water, that it would not appear 
desirable to look to that as a source of return to the soil. 
One imperial gallon of Schenck's steep liquid contained — 
Organic matters 136.7 
Inorganic matters 132.4 
Total 268.11 grs. 
and of this solid extract about 1 .56 grains is of nitrogen. 
An imperial gallon would thus contain about 5 grs. of 
ammonia, and a vat of 3,000 gallons of water 2^ lbs. of 
matter, worth about the sum of Is. 2d. to the farmer; and 
the same bulk of liquid would give about the same small 
weight of phosphoric acid. The steep water is thus useless 
from its poverty of contents, and association with enormous 
volumes of water. 
The liquid obtained at Messrs. Leadbetter's works by 
Watt's patent had an agreeable odour, and might have been 
u 
