324 
adjacent neighbourhood, on the S., S.W., and S.E., and 
whose materials have recently been so fully developed 
during the sewerage excavations through Kirkstall Road, 
Wellington Street, Wilson Street, and Hunslet Lane, 
on which line numerous boulders of grit stone occurred 
with the gravel. Here also the remains of various 
ruminant and pachydermous animals have been found 
at different periods, viz., in the last locality, several 
heads, horns, and bones of the Short-horned Ox ; jaws, 
teeth, and bones of the Horse, Swine, and Goat, and a 
magnificent horn, three feet in length, the jaw, and meta- 
carpal bones, of the Red Deer ; the latter associated with 
large trunks of trees, upwards of 22 feet in length and 
52 inches in circumference, which were at the depth of 20 
feet from the surface. In excavating for the docks at Crown 
Point, the skull of the Red Deer was found 10 feet below the 
surface. At St. Peter's Hill and on Kirkstall Road, two 
horns and bones of the same animal, with hazel nuts and 
branches of trees, were also found 6 feet 6 inches below the 
surface. At the Monk Pits, when excavating for the Rail- 
way Station, numerous bones of the Short-horned Ox and 
Deer, human bones, and fragments of pottery, were ex- 
humed 12 feet below the surface. In all the instances just 
named, the remains were in gravel, or, apparently, lacustrine 
deposits, and, therefore, comparatively recent, belonging to 
the Post-glacial period of Phillips, or that immediately suc- 
ceeding the last subsidence of this portion of the British 
Isles, — when animals mostly resembling those of the present 
day were inhabitants of Yorkshire, such, for instance, as 
the Giant Deer, Red Deer, Fallow Deer, Short-horned 
Ox, Horse, Swine, Goat, &c. 
At a period, however, antecedent to that just mentioned, 
the fauna of the Yorkshire hills and plains is generally 
supposed to have been of a totally different and more tropical 
