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Mustard Paper Mr. Jeyeshas also patented the appli- 
cation of the stems of the mustard plant to the manufacture 
of paper. 
Paper from Wood Mr. Schlesinger, of Bradford, has 
established works for the conversion of wood, of various 
kinds, into a fibrous pulp, capable of being advantageously 
mixed off with rag and other pulp in the manufacture of paper 
of various qualities. The cheaper kinds of wood, such as 
fir, pine, poplar, willow, &c, appear to answer best. 
Paper made of the Refuse of the Sugar Cane. — 
The late Dr. Cumin, of Bath, made some paper from this 
refuse, but the opinions of practical paper makers, who tried 
some experiments with the refuse, served to shew that the 
material is not well adapted for the manufacture of 
paper. 
M. Vivien, of Paris, has rendered the leaves of trees, 
plants, &c, more valuable by fitting them for conversion into 
paper. Very excellent specimens of paper have been pro- 
duced from the fibre of the hollyhock : the fibres of the 
Spanish rush, Espato, are capable of conversion into a paper 
of good quality. Lord Berriedale has patented the use of 
the common thistle, and Mr. Evans that of Brazilian grass. 
Dr. Hoskins, F.R.S., of Germany, has fully succeeded in 
rendering the galingale, a plant indigenous to the Channel 
Islands, available for the manufacture of paper, and is now 
converting large quantities of this material into the state of 
" half stuff," ready for the paper maker, to be used either 
alone or in combination with rag-pulp, &c. A foreigner has 
secured a patent, through Mr. Murdoch, patent agent, for the 
employment of spartum, or water broom. Mr. Guyardin, of 
Paris, recommends the arrow, or water arrow of Britany. 
Mr. Gillman, of Twickenham, claims the invention of using 
the fibrous parts of the New Zealand plants, giagia and ti ; 
and Mr. Burch, of Waltham Cross, has patented the use of 
