394 
manufacture as well as every other, that it should be entirely 
free from the trammels of the Excise. The introduction of 
improved and cheaper methods of preparing and bleaching 
these fibres has also been one reason why greater attention 
has of late been paid to the use of these new materials. In 
replying to the question as to the using up of old paper and 
converting it into new, Mr. Durden stated that this was now 
done to a considerable extent; the contents of the waste 
paper basket, being bleached and mixed with new pulp, made 
very good paper. 
An extensive collection of raw materials, and specimens of 
a great number of the new kinds of paper added much to the 
interest of the communication. 
The next Paper brought before the Society was : — 
ON THE IRONSTONES IN THE OOLITE DISTRICT OF YORK- 
SHIRE. BY THE REV. W 7 ILLTAM THORP, VICE-PRESI- 
DENT, VICAR OF MISSON. 
One of the greatest discoveries in recent times, connected 
with the geology of Yorkshire, has been the large deposit of 
Ironstone at a much higher position in the geological series 
of strata, than had hitherto ever been supposed to exist, 
the enormous thickness of the Oolite Ironstones in com- 
parison with those hitherto worked, and the large per-centage 
of iron which they yield is very extraordinary, while the 
most singular thing connected with them is that they have 
been for generations exposed to open view, have been seen 
and inspected over and over again, without their real value 
being ever suspected ; much in the same manner as the 
gold of California was considered to be only pyrites of iron, 
and large quantities of rock containing gold were used to 
repair the high roads, and which have recently been dug up 
for the gold which they contained. 
In order, however, to show the comparative value of the 
Oolite Ironstones, I will just notice a few of those mines 
