452 
million annually), the Cape of Good Hope, Australia, and 
other parts. The home produce is also very considerable. 
Assuming that the population of London is 5J times that of 
Liverpool, and that there is a proportionate slaughter of oxen, 
the horns produced by the London slaughter would exceed in 
count 388,000 per annum, and the value, with the slough 
that fills the hollow part, would at present exceed £40,000. 
The pith or slough that fills the horn is crushed for tillage or 
boiled for sizing in the clothing districts. Horns vary in value 
from 20s. to 100s. per 123, and have been 50 per cent, 
above these rates. 
Buffalo Horns are imported from Calcutta, Bombay, Siam, 
and Madras, and I suppose that some 350 tons are worked-up 
in Sheffield annually. Buffalo Horns are sold by weight 
and are at present worth from £15 to £30 per ton — 
the count runs from 700 to 2,000 to the ton, and taking 
the average at 1,400, the mortality among Buffalos in the East 
required to supply our Sheffield needs will be about 245,000 
per annum. I should imagine the export of this article to 
the continent is nearly equal to the consumption here ; and as 
there is also a considerable import of tips or solid points of 
horns, 800,000 to a million Buffalos each year must die in 
India, to account for the horns and tips brought to England 
from thence. The horns are here sawn by circular or hand 
saws into suitable lengths, boiled and cut by a sweigh knife, 
the hollow parts into pieces suitable to be pressed into scales, 
and the solid parts into pieces suited for pressing into knife 
or umbrella handles. These are the chief uses of Buffalo 
Horns, but some parts are used for dressing combs. Snuff 
boxes, drawer handles, miniature frames, stirrups, and many 
other articles are also pressed from Buffalo Horn. The 
waste from Buffalo and Ox Horns, Tips, and Hooves, when 
light and thin, is used as tillage, but the heavier portion 
has of late years become more valuable to burn for Prussian 
