454 
climate in which they are produced. The horns dropped on 
the hills and plains of Hindostan and Ceylon are very heavy 
and almost as solid as bone. From Southern Russia we 
have Deer horns lighter than the Indian but heavier than 
the German, and the Rein-deer Horn from Norway and 
Lapland is much lighter and more pithy than the German. 
It is, however, much less valuable as the surface is white 
and quite smooth. Its value is not more than £15 to £21 
per ton. Taking the import from India at but 350 tons, 
and the average weight at 1,400 per ton, it appears that 
the "fall" (as it is termed) from 240,000 head of Deer is 
annually collected in India for Sheffield uses. Very few 
manufacturers cut their own Stag Horn ; it is chiefly cut 
up by horn cutters who supply cutlers with handles and 
scales. 
The Bones cut here for cutlery purposes are chiefly 
those extending from the knee to the hoof of the Ox. In 
London these bones are carefully boiled by the neat's foot 
oil makers, and by this process the colour is so improved 
that in common cutlery bone handles (for the forks) are 
often used as ivory. From 600,700 to 700,000 is about 
the supply Sheffield receives annually from London, and the 
value is 15s. to 18s. per hundred. The consumption for 
cutlery will probably be 400,000 or 450,000, the remainder 
being used for button moulds. The supply of bones from 
the country districts I have no means of ascertaining, as 
they are chiefly brought by hawkers of pots, &c, and pass 
direct into the hands of the bone cutters. As to the extent 
of supply from abroad, I am also at a loss, as the returns 
do not distinguish between tillage bones and such as are 
suited for manufacture. The total import of both classes 
is about 30,000 tons per annum. The tillage bones are 
worth from 130s. to 140s. or £6 to £7 per ton, and others 
£8 to £17. 
