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manufacture, or, at least, made in Roman provinces, and 
were obtained by commerce. In saying this, I do not mean 
to deny that in the sequel, and towards the latter period of 
Roman rule, the barbarians themselves may have learned 
and practised the manufacture ; because this, we know, was 
the common course in most manufactures, and, indeed, we 
can trace in many of these articles, especially in the more 
elaborately ornamented examples, an evident falling off 
from the tasteful forms which the Romans had given to 
them. It is to this period of degenerate art, indeed, that I 
attribute the mass of the more peculiar articles in bronze found 
in Scandinavia. Lastly, I feel convinced that the notion of 
there having been a period in western or northern Europe, 
during which bronze was in common use for manufactures, 
and iron was not known, is a mere gratuitous assumption. 
The inconvenience of such extensive generalisations will 
be apparent at once to the Ethnologist, who feels the 
necessity of studying peoples in detail, and taking them 
in their tribes and small divisions, instead of beginning 
with extensive and fanciful theories. 
ON SOME WORKS OF MAN ASSOCIATED WITH THE REMAINS 
OF EXTINCT MAMMALS, IN THE AIRE VALLEY DEPOSIT. 
BY THOMAS PRIDGIN TEALE, ESQ., F.L.S., OF LEEDS. 
In a paper read before the Philosophical and Literary 
Society of Leeds, in 1853, I described a geological deposit, 
occupying the lower part of the valley of the Aire and 
of the other tributaries of the Humber, of more recent 
date than the Northern Drift, and containing besides the 
remains of other animals bones of the Hippopotamus and 
Mammoth, in such circumstances as to leave no doubt of 
their being co-temporaneous with the deposit itself. 
The existence of the large Northern Pachyderms was thus 
brought down to the post-glacial age. Can we proceed 
