483 
further? Can we prove these animals to have been co- 
existent with Man ? 
In pursuing this inquiry, we must bear in mind the vast 
range of time during which the deposit might have been 
formed. It is bounded in one direction by the geological 
glacial epoch, in the other by the historic Roman period of 
Britain. There is, then, a wide range of time during which 
the great northern Pachyderms may have existed ; but the 
precise time when they became extinct, and when Man first 
migrated to Britain, we are unable to determine. It is, 
however, a legitimate subject for investigation whether at 
any period of post-glacial age these Pachyderms and Man 
were co-existent. This inquiry would be answered in the 
affirmative if we could prove that the Valley deposit of 
the Aire, which contains Pachydermatous remains co-eval 
with itself, contains also co-eval remains or works of 
Man. 
Before proceeding further, I must call to mind what is too 
often lost sight of — the vast extent of time before the Roman 
era during which these lands were inhabited by Man. Four- 
teen hundred years and more before the Christian era 
Phoenician fleets traversed the seas to North Africa, Arabia, 
and China ; they also traded to the Baltic for Amber, to Spain 
for Silver, and to Britain for Tin ; during many centuries 
they continued their commercial intercourse with the British 
Isles, and for some centuries afterwards they were succeeded 
by the Carthaginian traders. Of the geological and social 
events in Britain during these fourteen centuries we have no 
written records, but man has left abundant traces of his 
works which attest his existence, and his progressive advance 
in the arts of civilized life. These unwritten records, well 
styled by the learned secretary of the Society of Scottish 
Antiquaries,* Pre-historic Annals, are now receiving, as they 
* Pre-kistoric Annals of Scotland, by Daniel Wilson. 
