488 
fident that the superincumbent gravel of 18 feet in thickness 
had not been disturbed from above. 
During the late excavation for the sewerage in Hunslet 
Lane, along with the bones of the deer, ox, and horse, was 
found an iron horse-shoe. In the neighbouring valley of the 
Calder, at Altofts, was found in 1842, a dagger head of 
bronze. At the place where it was found there is a thickness 
of 24 feet of the valley deposit resting upon the coal forma- 
tion. The section of the deposit at this part shewed sand, 
gravel, sand and silt, with blackwood-gravel. The dagger- 
head was found in the lower portion of the deposit, very near 
to the coal-measures. It was laid flat, and above it were the 
masses of drifted wood. A few miles higher up the Calder, 
at Stanley, was discovered a portion of an ancient canoe 
imbedded in the deposit at a depth of 181 feet, and about 
six feet below the present bed of the river, along with a 
number of oak trees, quite solid and black. The canoe had 
been hewn out of a solid block of oak, as was the custom 
with the ancient Britons. An account of these remains from 
the valley of the Calder has been published by Mr. Wilson, 
of Crimbles House. Reliquoe Antiques Eboracenses, page 40. 
Whilst writing this paper, I have met with the following 
remarkable passage quoted from Leigh's History of Cheshire, 
by Mr. De la Pryme, in the Philosophical Transactions for 
1701. " In draining Martin Meer, a few years ago, were 
found multitudes of roots and bodies of great firs in their 
natural position, with great quantities of their cones, and 
eight canoes, such as the old Britons sailed in ; and in 
another meer was found a brass or bronze kettle, beads of 
amber, a small millstone, the whole head of an hippopotamus, 
and human bodies entire and uncorrupted." 
Far be it from me to suppose that these few instances of 
the works of man found in our valley deposit are sufficient to 
determine the co-existence in these lands of the large extinct 
