585 
egg and skin collectors ; the Wheater, the Stonechat, and 
the Lesser Whitethroat, the two latter species not having been 
observed this season. 
As observers multiply, more correct results as to arrivals, 
departures, and relative number of species may be obtained. 
To assist some of the young naturalists rising round us, in 
overcoming difficulties which I have had to encounter alone, 
I have intermingled suggestions not always deemed needful 
to insert in books. My only aids were book descriptions, an 
attentive ear serving as a guide to the eye in tracing the 
whereabouts of some uncommon bird, assisted, where 
practicable, with a small telescope, a more rational com- 
panion for a naturalist than the murderous gun, as with the 
former we can admire and spare for others to do so too, 
but with the latter we destroy the object of our present 
pleasure, and in the case of rare birds, we help to cut off 
the hope of future gratification. 
The list drawn out by me of the birds that have been 
noticed, or that are now occurring in this part of Yorkshire, is 
given in great part from personal observation of the birds 
in their natural state, (the best mode of observing them,) or 
from inspection of various collections, or information given 
by competent parties. Some of the rarer instances, par- 
ticularly of the water birds, I record on* the authority of 
C. Waterton, whose protection of all birds gives him 
superior opportunities of studying them than those of the 
exterminating naturalist. I also record many which are in 
the late Dr. Farrar's collection, taken chiefly in the south- 
west of Yorkshire, and from his able paper on the subject, 
communicated by his son. Out of Yarrell and Temminck's 
list of 181 land birds known to Britain, 110 have been 
recorded for this neighbourhood; of 161 water birds, 69 
only have been ascertained — a large number considering the 
wanton extermination to which they are doomed. Another 
