666 
hundred yards deep. This freestone deposit must have 
taken place before the beautiful valley of the Calder and its 
many kindred valleys were worn by the advancing and re- 
ceding tides of some primaeval ocean. The tributaries have 
only their own local sandstone boulders, while the main valley 
of the Calder has almost every variety of boulders, from 
granite, mountain lime, to sandstone, &c. Any thoughtful 
observer, looking from some elevated point up the valley, 
cannot but be struck with the numerous bold promontories 
whose more compact rocks have withstood the wild dash of 
the ocean's wave, the varying temperature of the active 
atmosphere, the thundering boulders, and the glacier beds. 
