170 
ON SOME SECTIONS IN THE LIASSIC AND OOLITIC ROCKS OF YORKSHIRE. 
BY JAMES W. DAVIS, F.G.S., F.S.A., ETC., HONORARY MEMBER 
OF THE NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE. 
The upheaval of the Penine Anticlinal separating Lancashire 
and Yorkshire in a direction north and south ; and the dislocation of 
the strata caused by the Great Craven Faults running east and west, 
have not only influenced the physical features of the West Riding of 
Yorkshire, but have also been instrumental in moulding the character 
of the country towards the eastern boundary of the County. The 
Carboniferous series were forced into a semi-circular basin, with a 
general depression towards the south-east, the Coal Measures were 
crushed and fractured in every direction, and innumerable faults 
exist as the result of this action. A long period of depression 
followed, and the several beds of the Millstone Grits and Coal 
Measures were denuded to a more or less regular surface, over 
which the Magnesian Limestones and other members of the Permian 
Series were unconformably deposited. They clip towards the east 
and disappear under the Keuper and Bunter Sandstones and Marls. 
The latter are in turn hidden beneath the thick glacial beds and 
river deposits which form the surface of the extensive plain of the 
river Ouse. 
On the eastern side of the plain of the Ouse, the physical con- 
formation of the country assumes a lofty character ; the Liassic series 
of the North Riding, surmounted by the sandstones of the Inferior 
Oolites, give rise to an extensive area of undulating moorlands 
reaching from Saltburn, in the north, to Emsley, Pickering, and 
Goathland Moors, in the south ; towards Cloughton and Scarborough 
the sandstones are obscured by thick deposits of Boulder Clay and 
Gravel. Separating this upland area from the Vale of Pickering is a 
long range of tabular hills of the Coralline Oolites, extending from 
Hambleton to Scarborough ; they form a bold escarpment to the 
northwards, under the base of which dip the sandstones of the 
Inferior Oolites. South of the Pickering Valley, filled with Post 
Glacial Gravels and Alluvium, extends the long line of escarpment of 
