228 GARS0N : HUMAN REMAINS FOUND AT HOWE HILL, DUGGLEBY. 
Stature. — As is generally the case with human remains from 
ancient barrows, the stature of the persons whom the skeletons 
represent can only be determined by calculation from the long bones 
of the extremities. Of these I have personally only measured the 
right femur of D, the right and left femora and tibiae of I, and the 
two femora, the right humerus, and left tibia of K. The measure- 
ments of the other bones which I have given in the " Table of 
Measurements of the Long Bones," were made by Mr. Mortimer, on 
whose accuracy in measuring I must entirely rely. It is necessary 
to state that his measurements were not made with instruments of 
such precision as were at my disposal for measuring those of the 
bones submitted to me, and although I have found some differences 
between his measurements and my own in the bones of D, I, and 
K, which we have both measured independently, I have little doubt 
that his measurements of the bones of the other skeletons which I 
have not measured, are sufficiently correct for comparison with 
measurements taken before such rigid accuracy as is now required 
was practised in anthropological research. The measurements made 
by Mr. Mortimer were supplied to me in inches and parts of inches, 
but for convenience I have carefully converted them into their 
equivalent in millimetres. By taking my own and Mr. Mortimer's 
measurement together I have been able to calculate the probable 
stature of seven of the adults, no long bones being found with the 
eighth adult skull (marked J). In doing this I have used the follow- 
ing formulae given by Topinard in his Elements d' Anthropobgie : — 
Femur + Tibia x 100 ; Femur x 100; Tibia x 100 ; Humerus X 100 ; 
494 27-1 23 3 207 
As in my opinion the best and most reliable estimate of stature 
is obtained from the lengths of the femur and tibia added together, 
I attach most importance to the results yielded by the first of these 
formulae. Having the measurements of both these bones in each of 
the seven skeletons, I have been able to estimate the stature in this 
way in each instance, and find that the average of the series is 1 m. 
661, or 65*4 inches. Estimated from the length of the femur alone, 
the average is 11 mm. more, namely 1 m. 672. or about 66 inches, 
while from the length of the tibia it is 1 m. 575, or about 62 inches. 
