316 
KENDALL : THE GLACIATION OF YORKSHIRE. 
take place, and a new line of flow would have to be found. Com- 
paratively small glaciers descended the dales south of Teesdale, 
consequently the Vale of York would be open to any glacier in 
want of a passage, and I believe that it was under these conditions 
that the Vale of York became occupied, not so much, as 1 have 
previously and inaccurately expressed it, by a branch of the Tees- 
dale glacier as by the glacier itself. There are many facts within my 
knowledge strongly corroborative of this opinion ; for example, I 
have found many flints in the drift of Stockton-upon-Tees, and 
these, I think, can only have come from the eastward. Again, I 
made a careful examination of the cliffs to the north of the mouth of 
the Wear, near Sunderland," in the hope of obtaining a solution of 
some difficulties regarding the glaciation of Northumberland and 
Durham. 
To my great surprise and perplexity I found that the large 
boulders had their long axes in an east and west direction, and the 
sharp ends pointed to the west, which would be taken to imply an ice- 
flow from the eastward. I began to doubt the safety of generalising 
from the position of boulders, but a fortunate exposure of a glaciated 
surface exhibited stride unmistakably running from east to west, 
so that it is clear that on this low coast-line the eastern ice actually 
made its way in upon our country. These observations are a striking 
confirmation of the theory put forward many years ago by Mr. Richard 
Howse, who accounted for the occurrence of flints in the upper part 
of the drift of the coast of Northumberland by reference to an 
invasion of Scandinavian ice. If, as seems to have been the case, 
the foreign ice made its way in. then the deflection of flow of the 
Teesdale glacier is at once explained, and we may perhaps alpo 
explain the anomalous occurrence of a boulder of Shap granite at 
Lindrick Farm, two miles west of Ripon,t by supposing the thrust of 
the Scandinavian ice to have driven the York glacier over towards the 
western side of the vale. I would suggest an examination of the 
contents of the drift-beds between the Cleveland hills and the Tees, 
* These observations were announced at a meeting of the Glacialists' 
Association, 1893. 
t W, Gregson. Brit. Assoc. Kept, on Erratic Blocks, 1893. 
