362 GROOM : EFFECT OF FAULTS ON CHARACTER OF SEASHORE. 
the north, and sometimes to the south, at an angle of about 60° or 
more (figs. 1 and 2). A first glimpse of the platform from the 
summit of the cliff shows in some places what appears to be a jumble 
of high jagged barnacle-covered rocks, interspersed with smooth and 
flat areas often covered with fucoids. As one walks along the cliff 
a grouping of these elements becomes very evident ; the higher and 
more rocky portions are seen to form bands or blocks separated by 
wider zones of the smoother rocks (figs. 4 and 5).* A striking feature 
which soon becomes apparent is that numerous definite channels inter- 
sect in a conspicuous manner these rocks in all directions, the main 
ones crossing or bounding rough and smooth areas alike (figs. 1, 3, 3a, 
4). These channels are so prominent that many of them have been 
mapped by the Survey, and are well shown on the six-inch maps of 
the district. They are either permanently or temporarily filled with 
water. Some are clearly related to the direction and configuration 
of the coast (cf. figs, and maps). Upon examination they are seen in 
most cases to mark lines of faulting. The appearances at once sug- 
gested comparison on a small scale with the state of things described 
by the Scandinavian geologists along the coast of Norway, where the 
fjords have been shown, notably by Kjerulf and Br6gger,t to have a 
close relation with the faults of the district. Fig. 1 shows the fjord- 
like character of many of the small inlets of a portion of the coast. 
I became wishful, therefore, to ascertain whether the configuration of 
the coast in this locality was due at all directly to crust-movements, 
or solely to denudation, and to trace the effect of faulting on the 
character of the shore, more especially since this is not mentioned by 
De la Beche in his account of the denudation of this coast. 
If the smoother and lower and the relatively elevated and rocky 
portions of the platform be compared, it is found that the former 
consist of blue shales and flags, whilst the latter are composed of hard 
bands of well-jointed greyish blue compact sandstone. The sand- 
stones and flags are everywhere more or less divided up by isolated 
bands of shale, and the shales by thin bands of sandstone. The 
* I am indebted to the kindness of my brothers, Messrs. P. and W. 
Groom, for the photographs reproduced in this paper. 
t Die Bildungsgeschichte des Kristianiafjordes. Nyt Magazin for 
Naturvidenskaberne xxx., 1886. 
