422 CARTER : FIELD EXCURSION BETWEEN BRIDLINGTON AND FILEY. 
On the arrival at Bridlington of the trains from Hull and Scar- 
borough, a start was made along the beach, and the Glacial and 
Chalk beds up to the South Landing were examined. A special halt 
was made therein order to allow of a search for the bed containing 
arctic shells, identifiable fragments of which were obtained. The 
road was then taken to Flamborough where a West Riding contingent 
was added to the party, and, after luncheon, the journey was resumed 
to the Lighthouse in wagonettes. There a prolonged examination of 
the large boulders of Speeton and Kimeridge Clay, and Red Chalk, 
was made, and the remarkable crater-like hollows, formed by the 
falling-in of sea-caves, were duly admired. A rapid walk was then 
taken along the cliffs to Bempton, the notable example of denudation 
at North Landing being of special interest. Fragments of chalk 
were found along the cliff top, having been torn off and carried up 
by the wind in recent heavy gales and strewn over the fields for con- 
siderable distances inland. After a rest to view the contortions of 
the Chalk at Old Dor, and the pranks of thousands of guillemots, a 
cross-country cut was taken for Bempton Station, where the train 
was stopped to take up the party. 
The second day rose dull and threatening, a thick grey fog over- 
hanging the sea, whilst a gentle downpour did its best to damp the 
ardour of the geologists. But in vain. The party proceeded from 
Bridlington by the 9-22 train for Filey, where they were reinforced by 
a contingent from Hull, which included two courageous ladies. The 
outlook from Filey Station was anything but cheering, the rain 
falling heavily ; but the members faced the programme with geo- 
logical resolution, and, making their way to the shore, commenced 
the beach walk to Speeton. For the first four miles nothing was to 
be seen but sloping cliffs of tenacious purple boulder clay, which 
were scored by the rain-wash, which had brought down the results of 
this denudation on to the beach in the form of deltas of mud. At 
intervals instances of rough stratification were seen in these clay 
deposits, at one point there being a considerable mass of well-laminated 
muds. The sea had excavated several caves which were overhung by 
clay roofs, firm as solid rock, showing to what a tremendous con- 
solidating influence these deposits must have been subjected. These 
glacial deposits form a huge embankment across the seaward end of 
