CARTER : FIELD EXCURSION BETWEEN BRIDLINGTON AND FILEY. 423 
the Vale of Pickering, and are the cause of the present westward 
flow of the drainage of that area. They also fill up a considerable 
area to the south of Filey, obscuring what was a pre-glacial bay with 
a very much sharper curve inland from Filey Brigg than is the case 
with the present bay at Filey. As in the case of the much larger Bay 
of Holderness, the sea is now gradually recovering its own, and clear- 
ing away the deposits left by the great ice-sheet. The shore was 
strewn with boulders largely derived from this glacial clay, many 
characteristic Scandinavian rocks being noted, as well as well-known 
rocks from Northern Britain. Amongst these were stigmaria from 
the Coal Measures, Carboniferous Limestone with corals, Millstone 
Grit, Brockram from the Eden Valley, a minette from the western 
side of the Pennine Chain, large boulders of Lias with fossils, and 
specimens from the Armboth and Helvellyn dykes. The process of 
manufacture of clay balls on the shore was noted with interest, and 
the way in which, by rolling, they received a protective coating of 
small pebbles and sand. Our leader, however, gave the timely cau- 
tion that the presence of these clay balls in a deposit was not to be 
taken as conclusive evidence of its marine origin, as such balls had 
been found in running streams. The absence of chalk and flint frag- 
ments in the clay was noteworthy, as compared with their frequency 
in the Bridlington drift, being additional evidence of the southward 
flow of the ice-sheet. The inclement nature of the weather, and the 
obscuration of the sections by slipped material, made the examina- 
tion of the sections of Kimeridge and Speeton Clays very unsatisfac- 
tory, but many characteristic fossils were obtained. After Speeton 
Gap was passed, the weather improved considerably, though the fog 
did not rise, and the excellent sections now exposed of the Red Chalk 
and Lower White Chalk were examined in comfort, and good bags of 
fossils obtained. The cliffs were then surmounted, and their crown- 
ing moraines noted, before tracks had to be made for Speeton Station, 
where the train was stopped for the party by the kindness of the 
North-Eastern Railway Company. 
The following notes of the geology of the Flamborough Coast 
were provided for the members by the kindness of Mr. G. W. 
Lamplugh, F.G.S., of H.M. Geological Survey. They form a valu- 
able summary of the geology of the district under examination. 
