LAMPLUGH: NOTES ON COAST BETWEEN BRIDLINGTON AND FILEY. 425 
by a considerable thickness of chalky gravel ( The Sewerby Gravels). 
The different bands of boulder clays probably mark oscillations of the 
margin of the ice-sheet, and the overlying gravels seem to have been 
spread out by a body of fresh water, draining from the Wolds, and 
arrested here either by higher land now swept away by the sea, or by 
the edge of the decaying ice-sheet. The stratified sands and warps 
{Hilderthorpe Series), so well exposed in the cliffs south of Bridlington 
Quay, can be well explained as the sediment of the same flood in its 
quieter, deeper waters. 
One of the most interesting sections of the whole coast-line is 
that which will confront the members at the commencement of the 
Chalk, though probably they will find its most important elements 
somewhat obscured by slipped material. An ancient sea-cliff of 
Chalk, buried and obliterated under glacial deposits, is here revealed. 
In 1887 and 1888, by means of a grant from this Society and from 
the British Association, we excavated the material banked against 
this buried cliff, and in doing so obtained a large collection of frag- 
mentary remains of mammals, fish, and birds, which are now preserved 
in the Museums of York and Jermyn Street. Elephas antiquus, 
Rhinoceros leptorhinus, Hippopotamus amphibius, Bison sp., Hyama, 
Arvicola amphibius, Gadus morrhua, were among the species identi- 
fied. At the base of the cliff we found a sea-beach of rolled chalk 
pebbles, and overlying this a clayey land- wash with some small land- 
shells, passing up into an ancient blown sand which was piled quite 
to the top of the old cliff, and had helped to preserve it during the 
rigours of the subsequent glaciation. (Further account of this 
interesting section will be found in Proc. Y. G. & P. Soc, Vol. IX., 
pp. 381—92). I regard these " Buried-Cliff-Beds " as older than 
any of the glacial deposits of East Yorkshire, and they are very valu- 
able to us as an indication of the physical conditions of the area 
before the great glaciation. We can be sure that at that time 
Holderness formed a wide bay, with the sea running quite up to the 
foot of the Wolds, its shore-line approximating to the present course 
of the railway from Hull to Bridlington, 
The locality deserves further investigation, and I hope the Society 
will again undertake it when the sea by removing the overhanging 
material which stopped our work enables this to be done in safety. 
