19 
don for the accused, but I forebore, not knowing how 
my request might be received. I learned afterwards, 
that upon all occasions of this kind I might interfere in 
behalf of the sufferer, after the first ten or twelve blows. 
At each stroke the sufferers generally cry out, Allah! 
Si God!" Some of them, however, instead of the excla- 
mation count fiercely the blows one by one. Sometimes, 
but very rarely, petitions in writing of four or six lines 
are presented to the kaid. The whole writing apparatus 
of his secretary is confined to a small ink-horn, a pen 
made of reed, and some scraps of paper very small, 
folded in the middle, and ready for him to write the 
order. This however, very seldom occurs. This se- 
cretary has neither office nor records, so that the papers 
given to him are soon destroyed. He does not keep the 
smallest register even of the orders which are transmit- 
ted to him. 
The kaid in his judgments is governed by nothing but 
his own sense of right and wrong, be it good or bad; 
for any further guide, he has only the precepts of the 
koran. In extraordinary cases he consults the fakihs, or 
sends the parties to the cadi or civil judge." 
The governor at Tangier is named Sid Abderrahman 
Aschasch. He was but a common muleteer; he can 
neither read nor write, and not even sign his name, but 
he has some natural ability, and a sort of bold vivacity: 
he has, however, not sense enough to know the use of 
instruction to mankind, and has refused, on system/ 
even to give it to his children, who have therefore never 
been taught either to read or write. He has actually 
acquired a large fortune at Tetuan, which is also under 
his command, and where his family resides. He lives 
himself occasionally at both places, having a lieutenant 
at Tangier, and another at Tetuan, to govern them in 
his absence* 
