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interior part of an ancient alcassaba or castle, called 
Temessuin. 
The ground of this country is entirely composed of 
a glutinous clay, which forms the hills and the vallies 
to a great depth. I have seen vertical cuts of them for- 
ty feet deep. I think that it is the same stratum which 
extends on one side to the road from Tangier to Me- 
quinez, and on the other side forms the mountains of 
Tetuan. 
I met to-day a caffila, or caravan, coming from the 
east, and driving along with it a flock of about 1,500 
goats. Some camels were carrying the tents, which 
contained the women and children of the richest of the 
tribe; the others went without any covering. Several 
oxen and cows were laden like mules, carrying their 
burthens on their backs. 
They observed, in their march, the following order, 
viz. the cattle went first, divided into groups of about 
an hundred each, and driven by four or five lads, who 
kept a space of about twenty yards between each group: 
the tents, equipages, and the greatest part of the wo- 
men and children, mounted on camels, formed the 
centre: the men, either on horseback or walking, 
armed with their guns, closed the train, and were scat- 
tered on the flanks, forming a sort of hedge to guard 
the whole. 
The alcassaba where I took my quarters was compos- 
ed of a square wall, about 425 feet in front, with a 
square tower on each corner, and another in the middLe 
of each front. The wall was eighteen feet high, and 
three feet thick. The top of the wall had a kind of 
parapet, pierced with places of defence; but besides this, 
there was no other place left for the defenders, except 
