382 
Egypt, having no territorial sovereign, but enjoying & 
kind of revolutionary independence, deserves a particu* 
lar attention. I shall therefore give an idea of the situ- 
ation of this country, from the time of the French ex- 
pedition, until the period of my departure from it for 
Mecca, according to the accounts which were com- 
municated to me. 
It is well known that a handful of Frenchmen occu- 
pying Egypt, were obliged to yield to the united efforts 
of an English army of 23,400 men, commanded by 
general Abercrombie; of a Turkish army of 6,000 men, 
under the orders of Hassan Pacha, captain pacha of the 
Ottoman porte, that disembarked at Aboukir; of ano- 
ther English army of 6,000 men, headed by general 
Baird, that landed at Suez; and a fourth army composed 
of 28,300 Turks coming from Syria, and led by the 
grand vizier; without reckoning 27,000 sailors and other 
persons employed, which make a total of 90,700 men. 
In consequence of these forces, Egypt remained in the 
hands of the English and Turks. 
Some time afterwards, at the treaty of Amiens, the 
English evacuated the country, Hassan Pacha retired, 
and the government of Egypt remained in the hands of 
Mahomed Pacha, with a body of Turkish troops; the 
greater part of which was composed of Albanians and 
Arnauts. 
Soon after the Albanians revolted against the Turkish 
pacha, and called in the Mamelukes, who lived retired 
in Upper Egypt. The latter, in consequence of their 
rage for dominion, soon seized the command; and the 
Arnauts remained as private soldiers in the pay of the 
beys. 
