95 
Juniper, which Cardanus faith is Cedar in hot Coun- 
tries, and Juniper in cold Countries; it is hear very 
dwarfifh and fhrubby, growing for the moft part by the 
Sea fide. 1 
Willow? 
Sptirge Lawrel, called here Poyfon berry, it kills the 
EngliJJi Cattle if they chance to feed upon it, efpecially 
Calves. 3 
Gaul, or noble Mirtle. 4 
Elder? 
Dwarf Elder? 
down and clear'd it from the branches, they pitch the body of the tree in a muddy 
place in a river, with the head downward, for some time. Afterwards they draw 
it out; and, when it is seasoned sufficiently, they saw it into boards for wainscot; 
and it will branch out into curious works." 
1 Juniperus communis, L. ; common to both continents. But the author did 
not probably distinguish from it J. Virginiana, L. ; which is frequent, and often 
dwarfish, near the sea. 
2 Salix, L. ; the genus only meant here, it is likely. 
3 Daphne Laurcola, L. (Gerard, p. 1404), with which Josselyn may have 
considered Kalmia angustifolia, L., in some sort allied. The latter has long 
been known in New England as dwarf or low laurel. 
4 Myrica Gale, L. (Gerard, p 1414) ; common to Europe and America. _* 
5 Sambucus, L. Our 5. Canadensis, L. differs very little from the common 
elder of Europe, except, as our author in his Voyages says (p. 71), in being 
"shrubbie," and in not having "a smell so strong." — Cf. DC. Prodr., vol. ii. p. 
322; Gerard, p. 1421. The other North-American elder (S. pubens, Michx.) is 
at least equally near to the European 5. racemosa, L., according to Prof. Gray. 
6 "There is a sort of dwarf-elder, that grows by the sea-side, that hath a red 
pith. The berries of both" — that is, of this and of the true elder mentioned 
above — "are smaller than English elder; not round, but corner'd." — Voyages, 
p. 71. Gerard's dwarf-elder (p. 1425) is Sambucus ebulus, L. Josselyn's may 
have been a Viburnum ; for this genus was confused with Sambucus by the elder 
botanists. Wood (New-England Prospect, chap, v.) speaks of — 
" Small eldern, by the Indian fletchers sought; " — 
which was perhaps arrow-wood, or Viburnutn dentatum, L. 
