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its rugged coasts to obedience to English husbandry. What with their garden 
beans, and Indian beans, and pease (" as good as ever I eat in England," says 
Higginson in 1629) ; their beets, parsnips, turnips, and carrots (" our turnips, 
parsnips, and carrots are both bigger and sweeter than is ordinary to be found in 
England," says the same reverend writer) ; their cabbages and asparagus , — both 
thriving, we are told, exceedingly; their radishes and lettuce; their sorrel, pars- 
ley, chervil, and marigold, for pot-herbs ; and their sage, thyme, savory of both 
kinds, clary, anise, fennel, coriander, spearmint, and pennyroyal, for sweet herbs, 
— not to mention the Indian pompions and melons and squanter-squashes, " and 
other odde fruits of the country," — the first-named of which had got to be so well 
approved among the settlers, when Josselyn wrote in 1672, that what he calls 
"the ancient New-England standing dish" (we may well call it so now!) was 
made of them ; and, finally, their pleasant, familiar flowers, lavender-cotton and 
hollyhocks and satin ("we call this herbe, in Norfolke, sattin," says Gerard ; 
"and, among our women, it is called honestie ") and gillyflowers, which meant 
pinks as well, and dear English roses, and eglantine, — yes, possibly, hedges of 
eglantine (p. 90 note), — surely the gardens of New England, fifty years after the 
settlement of the country, were as well stocked as they were a hundred and fifty 
years after. Nor were the first planters long behindhand in fruit. Even at his 
first visit, in 1639, our author was treated with "half a score very fair pippins,' 
from the Governor's Island in Boston Harbor; though there was then, he says 
(Voyages, p. 29), " not one apple tree nor pear planted yet in no part of the coun- 
trey but upon that island." But he has a much better account to give in 1671 : 
" The quinces, cherries, damsons, set the dames a work. Marmalad and preserved 
damsons is to be met with in every house. Our fruit-trees prosper abundantly, — 
apple-trees, pear-trees, quince-trees, cherry-trees, plum-trees, barberry-trees. I 
have observed, with admiration, that the kernels sown, or the succors planted, 
produce as fair and good fruit, without graffing, as the tree from whence they 
were taken. The countrey is replenished with fair and large orchards. It was 
affirmed by one Mr. Woolcut (a magistrate in Connecticut Colony), at the Cap- 
tain's messe (of which I was), aboard the ship I came home in, that he made five 
hundred hogsheads of syder out of his own orchard in one year." — Voyages, p. 
1S9-90. Our barberry-bushes, now so familiar inhabitants of the hedgerows of 
Eastern New England, should seem from this to have come, with the eglantines, 
from the gardens of the first settlers. Barberries " are planted in most of our 
English gardens," says Gerard. 
