AND  ACCOUNT  OF  A  NEW  SPECIES  OF  SEPIOLA. 
81 
arise  from  muscular  fasciculi  close  to  the  anterior  ganglion,  between  it  and  the  orbit 
on  each  side,  and  external  to  the  brachial  disk  which  forms  the  eight  arms,  so  that 
they  are  analogous  in  position  to  those  of  Gasteropoda  and  other  Mollusca. 
From  the  commencement  of  the  oesophagus^  at  the  root  of  the  tongue  to  its  termina- 
tion in  the  gizzard,  it  is  narrow,  cylindrical,  without  the  usual  longitudinal /)/jc(«  of  its 
mucous  coat,  and  does  not  perceptibly  dilate  to  form  a  crop  ;  its  parietes  are  thin, 
smooth,  and  transparent.    The  inferior  pair  of  salivary  glands^  are  in  contact  with  the 
oesophagus,  of  considerable  size,  and  placed  behind  the  upper  margin  of  the  two  lobes  of 
the  liver.  The  gizzard^  of  a  lengthened  form,  with  distinct  longitudinal  muscular  bands 
strengthening  its  parietes,  measures,  when  slightly  inflated,  about  three  lines  in  length 
and  two  lines  in  breadth.    It  is  extended  in  a  longitudinal  direction,  and  its  muscular 
fasciculi  are  chiefly  confined  to  its  middle  portion :  it  is  situate  on  the  right  side,  im- 
mediately above  the  ovarium,  and  close  to  the  branchial  heart  of  that  side.    From  the 
direction  followed  by  the  oesophagus  downwards  behind  the  liver  and  towards  the  right 
side,  and  the  course  taken  by  the  intestine  upwards  in  front  of  the  liver  on  the  left  side, 
the  gizzard  in  the  Cephalopoda  lies  a  little  behind  the  spiral  stomach  on  its  right  side, 
and  it  is  placed  a  little  lower  in  the  sac.    The  spiral  stomach*  of  the  Sepiola  opens 
from  the  gizzard  by  a  passage  wider  than  the  oesophagus ;  and  they  are  so  continuous, 
that  the  digested  contents  of  the  stomachs  pass  freely  to  and  fro,  from  the  one  cavity 
to  the  other,  on  the  slightest  pressure  or  motion  of  these  sacs.   This  stomach  is  marked 
with  transverse  plica  of  its  parietes,  producing  the  usual  puckered  appearance  of  its  sur- 
face and  its  internal  folds.    It  forms  only  a  semicircular  curve,  terminating  abruptly  in 
a  rounded  shut  extremity,  and  is  about  half  the  size  of  the  first  stomach.    This  cavity 
receives  the  hepatic  and  pancreatic  secretions,  as  in  most  of  the  known  genera  of  Naked 
Cephalopods.    The  intestine  passes  very  wide  and  almost  straight  from  the  back  part  of 
the  spiral  stomach  over  the  fore  part  of  the  liver  and  ink  bag,  and  terminates  in  the 
anus,  immediately  above  the  ink  bag,  within  the  widely  expanded  base  of  the  funnel. 
The  anus\  situate  between  the  two  longitudinal  muscles  above  described,  opens  by  a 
circular  aperture  with  thin  loose  parietes,  and  has  two  very  small  tentacular  folds  ex- 
tending from  its  sides,  as  in  most  other  genera  of  this  class. 
The  liver^,  consisting  of  two  lengthened  lobes  rounded  above  and  tapering  below,  is 
of  a  light  yellow  colour  and  very  soft  texture,  and  extends  along  the  back  of  this  short 
animal  from  immediately  under  the  orbits  to  the  ovarium.  The  two  lobes  are  united 
at  their  upper  and  back  part,  and  their  component  caca  are  filled  with  a  turbid  yellow- 
ish-white fluid.  The  hepatic  ducts^  come  out  from  the  lower  part  of  the  liver,  one  from 
near  the  inferior  apex  of  each  lobe,  and  unite  into  one  at  a  short  distance  from  their 
termination  in  the  spiral  stomach.  Their  oblique  orifice  in  the  spiral  stomach  is  pro- 
vided with  the  usual  prominent  valvular  lips,  which  can  be  traced  along  the  intestine 
'  Fig.  8.  a.  a.  '  Fig.  8.     g.  '  Figg.  7.  8.  b.  '  Figg.  7.  8.  c. 
=  Fig.  7.  e.  '  Figg.  7.  8.  /■.  /.  '  Fig.  l.g. 
VOL.  I.  M 
