82 
DR.  R.  E.  GRANT  ON  THE  ANATOMY  OF  SEPIOLA  VULGARIS, 
towards  the  anus.    The  hepatic  ducts  are  surrounded  during  nearly  their  whole  course 
with  a  large  cluster  of  regular  ovoidal  vesicular  glands,  filled  with  their  light  yellow 
secretion.    These  glands  exist  in  most  of  the  genera  of  Naked  Cephalopods,  in  Sepia, 
Loligo,  Loligopsis,  ^c. ;  and  from  their  analogies  with  the  pancreatic  glands  of  higher 
classes,  I  was  induced  to  consider  them  as  these  organs  in  182.5'.    There  are  about  a 
hundred  of  these  glands  in  Sepiola  :  they  present  the  usual  subdivided  cellular  internal 
structure,  and  terminate  in  the  hepatic  canals,  each  by  a  separate  short  duct.  On 
opening  the  hepatic  ducts,  the  numerous  orifices  of  these  pancreatic  glands  are  easily 
perceived,  like  those  of  the  vesicles  opening  into  the  veins  in  these  animals  ^   In  several 
specimens  of  Sepiola  which  I  dissected,  I  found  globules  of  oil,  probably  derived  from  the 
food,  mixed  with  the  ordinary  secretions  in  the  hepatic  ducts,  in  the  pancreatic  glands,  in 
both  stomachs,  and  in  the  intestine.    These  appear  to  be  the  only  glands  in  the  Cepha- 
lopods which  have  any  analogy  to  the  pancreas, — an  organ  which  exists  also  in  many  of 
the  Gasteropods  and  in  articulated  classes,  as  well  as  in  all  the  Vertehrata.    The  rectum 
of  Sepiola,  passing  up  in  front  of  the  abdominal  viscera  to  the  base  of  the  syphon,  lies 
over  the  middle  of  a  very  large  quadrangular  ink  bag^  and  is  accompanied,  for  a  short 
space,  by  the  duct  of  that  gland  before  it  penetrates  its  parietes.    The  ink  gland  is  here 
equally  remarkable  for  its  magnitude  and  its  form.    It  lies  almost  within  the  base  of 
the  funnel,  and  consists  of  three  lobes  placed  transversely,  and  extending  more  in  that 
direction  than  longitudinally.    The  two  lateral  lobes  are  kidney-shaped,  with  thick 
w^hite  glandular  parietes  in  front,  and  of  a  deep  purple  colour  with  a  dull  surface  behind. 
Each  of  these  reniform  lobes  has  a  rough  black  tubercle  projecting  from  the  middle  of 
its  lateral  margin.    The  depression  between  these  lobes  is  occupied  by  a  smaller  third 
lobe,  over  the  front  of  which  pass  the  vena  cava  and  rectum ;  and  from  the  upper  part 
of  this  lobe  the  duct  of  the  gland  arises*.   This  gland  appears  to  be  proportionally  much 
more  developed  in  the  smaller  species  of  Naked  Cephalopods  than  in  the  larger.   In  this 
animal  I  have  seldom  detected  a  trace  of  that  metallic  lustre  so  common  on  the  surface 
of  this  gland  in  other  Cephalopods ;  and  it  is  very  loosely  connected  with  the  surface  of 
the  liver,  on  which  it  rests.    The  two  longitudinal  muscular  bands  embracing  the  anus^ 
act  also  as  sphincters  to  the  duct  of  the  ink  gland ;  and  while  the  sides  of  the  mantle 
and  the  base  of  the  syphon  compress  the  large  lateral  lobes  of  the  gland,  these  muscles 
acting  on  the  middle  of  the  organ  may  press  out  forcibly  the  contained  secretion. 
The  vena  cava^  passing  down  in  front  of  the  liver,  along  w^ith  the  intestine,  divides, 
as  usual,  into  two  trunks,  which  are  provided  with  large  vesicular  bodies  opening  into 
their  interior,  and  accompanying  them  to  the  branchial  auricles.  The  veins  are  very 
wide,  and  with  thin  soft  loose  parietes :  their  vesicles  were  found  empty  and  flaccid. 
The  branchial  hearts  or  auricles  are  here  large  cavities,  of  a  white  colour,  and  of  a 
lengthened  ovate  form :  each  of  them  is  provided  with  the  usual  fleshy  appendix,  at- 
tached to  its  lower  surface  and  towards  its  branchial  extremity ^  These  fleshy  appen- 
'  Edin.  Phil.  Jourii.,  July  1825.     "  Fig.  13.  c.  c.     ^  Fig.  7.  h.  h.     *  Fig.  7.  k.     *  Fig.  9.  a.     »  Fig.  9.  d.  d. 
