THE  CHIMPANZEE  AND  ORANG  UTAN. 
359 
in  the  Chimpanzee  and  the  higher  Quadrumana,  they  are  confined  to  the  orbit.  The  os 
mal(B  is  distinguished  by  several  large  foramina  in  its  orbital  process,  which  lead  from 
its  facial  superficies  into  the  orbit.  The  superior  maxillary  bone  differs  from  that  of 
the  Chimpanzee,  in  being  perforated  by  three  infraorbitary  foramina  instead  of  one,  as 
well  as  in  the  greater  magnitude  which  it  acquires  in  consequence  of  the  large  laniaries 
which  are  implanted  in  it^  From  the  great  anterior  development  of  these  bones  and  of 
the  intermaxillaries,  the  incisors  project  more  obhquely  forwards  than  in  the  Chimpanzee. 
Now  in  all  the  peculiarities  of  the  Orang's  skull  which  are  independent  of  the  changes 
consequent  upon  the  second  dentition,  we  find  an  exact  correspondence  between  the 
Simia  Satyrus,  or  young  animal,  and  the  Pongo,  or  adult.  Their  crania  equally  exhibit 
the  absence  of  the  projecting  supraciliary  ridges,  the  presence  of  the  double  anterior 
condyloid /oramma,  the  numerous  infraorbitary /oramma,  and  those  in  the  malar  bone, 
the  same  disposition  of  the  cranial  sutures,  the  same  form  of  the  os  nasi,  and  the  same 
difference  from  the  Chimpanzee  in  the  contraction  of  the  interorbital  space.  The  cha- 
racters of  the  lower  jaw,  by  which  it  differs  from  that  of  the  Chimpanzee,  viz,  the  greater 
height  and  breadth  of  the  rami  and  the  greater  depth  of  the  symphysis,  are  equally  ma- 
nifested in  the  young  as  in  the  old  Simia  Satyrus. 
In  following  out  the  same  observations  with  regard  to  the  germs  of  the  permanent 
teeth  in  the  young  Orang,  the  same  satisfactory  results  are  obtained  in  reference  to  their 
identity  with  those  which  are  fully  developed  in  the  old  animals,  as  were  previously  de- 
tailed in  the  account  of  the  Chimpanzee"^. 
In  the  young  Orang,  with  three  molars  in  use  on  either  side  of  each  jaw,  it  is  easy  to 
see  that  the  last  is  of  a  different  set  from  the  two  smaller  ones  that  stand  before  it.  Its 
grinding  surface  exhibits  the  cuspides  entire  and  sharp,  and  all  the  radiating  furrows  as 
if  freshly  impressed  upon  it ;  while  the  same  surface  in  the  deciduous  molares  is  smooth, 
the  crown  worn  down,  and  part  of  the  fangs  are  protruded  from  the  socket.  The  small 
laniary  stands  oflf  at  a  distance  from  the  neighbouring  molar,  and  a  still  greater  interval 
'  Among  the  differences  that  have  been  pointed  out  in  the  crania  of  the  young  Orang  and  Pongo,  in  sup- 
port of  the  theory  of  their  specific  diiference,  one  has  been  insisted  upon  which  relates  to  the  size  of  the  antrum 
maxillare.  It  would  be  difficult  to  decide  this  point  without  making  the  necessary  sections  to  expose  the  cavity  ; 
but  I  may  observe,  that  what  appears  to  be  a  greater  extension  of  the  antrum  backwards  in  the  young  Orang, 
is  the  bulbous  projection  produced  by  the  still  inclosed  molar  teeth,  and  which  consequently  is  not  to  be  ob- 
served after  their  complete  development  in  the  adult  skull ;  and  that  in  the  Pongo,  so  far  from  the  antrum  being 
so  diminutive  that  "  it  can  be  hardly  said  to  exist  at  all"  (Harwood,  Ibid.,  p.  473.),  it  is  reaUy  of  a  fair  propor- 
tionate size.  Its  dimensions  in  a  cranium  of  this  animal,  which  measures  from  the  occiput  to  the  muzzle  10^^ 
inches,  being  in  the  antero-posterior  diameter  2  inches  and  5  lines,  in  the  lateral  diameter  1  inch  and  6  lines,  in 
height  2  inches. 
I  have  subsequently  found  that  the  large  size  of  the  germs  of  the  permanent  teeth  in  the  young  Orang 
were  noticed  by  Professor  Rudolphi,  who  inferred  from  them  that  the  adult  Orang  must  equal  in  size  the  Pongo 
of  Wurmb ;  but  as  he  was  unable  to  compare  them  with  the  teeth  of  that  animal,  the  proof  of  their  identity  was 
still  to  a  certain  extent  incomplete.    See  Berlin  Transactions  for  1824,  p.  131. 
3  B  2 
