}0 
THE TROPICAL 
AGRICULTURIST. [Jult i, 1889. 
simply devoured by black bug. Of course though, 
it was nothing like the curse of green bug, and 
did not actually strip the trees, still it prevented 
the fruit from ripening by falling off before mature. 
— Yours, C. L. E. 
[We thank our correspondent for his correction, 
and useful information, well worth putting on record 
as the outcome of personal experience and obser- 
vation. We were aware that " black bug'' still 
lurked in certain corners of our higher districts; but 
in saying that it "ceased to affect seriously Ceylon 
coffee 85 years ago" we had the whole country in 
view. In the time of Dr. Gardner and for some 
years after, black bug prevailed so widely that many, 
a, : ong with the thon Gardens' Director, believed it 
would gradually wear and kill out all the coffee in 
Ceylon.— Ed. 1 
KEROSENE EMULSION FOE SCALE 
INSECTS (BUG) ON COFFEE &o. 
23rd May 1889, 
Dear Sib, — About a year ago I suggested in a 
paper published by the Agri-Horticultural Society 
of India, that kerosene emulsion might prove of 
service against the scale insects which of late 
years have done very serious injury to coffee in 
South India and Ceylon. The kerosene emulsion 
was afterwards tried upon green scale bug in the 
Nilgiri Hills by Mr. E. H. Morris, who found it 
entirely successful, killing the bug, wherever it 
touched it, on the first application. Kerosene 
emulsion has since been recommended for 
coffee scale by United States entomologists, 
and it is anticipated that it will prove the 
most satisfaciory application for destroying this in- 
jurious pest. 
Kerosene emulsion is made by mixing two parts 
of oil with one part of soap solution or milk 
(the soap solution Leing made by dissolving from 
a quarter to one pound of common soap, or whale 
oil soap, in one gallon of water). The whole is 
violently churned at a temperature of about 100° F. 
by driving it backwards and forwards through 
the spray nozzle of a force-pump. The emulsion 
thus formed is diluted with water, that used 
by Mr. Morris was made with common soap, 
and was diluted with nine parts of water. 
It is applied by spraying it over affected coffee 
bushes, and for this purpose an ordinary force- 
pump is most convenient, but must be fitted with 
a nozzle that gives a very finely divided spray. 
This being most important, both in order to save 
unnecessary expenditure of emulsion, and also 
because it is much more effective when sprayed 
in a cloud than when sprinkled in large drops. 
The best nozzle for the purpose is what is known 
as the Cyclone Eddy nozzle, consisting of a small 
circular chamber with two flat sides, the inlet 
through which the liquid is forced from the pump 
being bored tangentially through its wall, so as to 
cause a rapid whirlmg or centrifugal motion of the 
liquid, which issues in a funnel-shaped spray 
through the central outlet in one of the flat sides 
of the circular chamber. What seems to be an 
excellent force-pump, fitted with cyclone nozzles, 
has been sent to me for experiment by Messrs. 
Woodin & Little of 509 Market Street, San Fran- 
cisco, U. S., and 1 am informed that cyclone 
nozzles can also be obtained from Messrs. Tiios. 
f-onimervilie & Sons of Washington, U. S., from V. 
Verrnovui, Viilefranche sur Ehone, France, from 
M( sre. Kiitzii<-r Brothers, Masterton, New Zealand, 
bei idee oth< r firms in different parts of the world. 
Kerosiue emulsion was originally used by Messrs.. 
Riley & Hubbard against the scale insect that 
attack* orange trees in Florida where it is now 
widely adopted for this purpose. The cyclone 
nozzle is the invention of Dr. Riley, who has un- 
selfishly refrained from patenting it. — Yours faith- 
fully, E. C. COTiO,-, Indian Museum, Calcutta. 
TEAS FOR THti AMERICAN MAEKET. 
Colombo, 2ord L.„y 1889. 
Bear Sir, — Your article of last night reads that 
I advocat" oolongs exclusively being shipped to the 
States : this is no' the case. I would give green teas 
first place and then oolongs. When I say green 
uas I mean pure, uncolored tea?, tree of course 
from all facing. It is quite po^ !b'.' j to 1- s.ve green 
tea possessing all the cup charac.eiistics of green 
tea with iu*. tfa coloring matter, and this is the eiass 
of tea I recorn-n^nd to be shipped. China oolongs 
ap in no wa'^ coloured or adulterated.* 
Statistics show that there is small consumption 
of black tea in the States, but it is only small 
compared with other kinds, and not sufficient to 
take off any weight on tea from the London market, 
already considerably overstocked and certain to be 
added to in the near future. — Yours very truly, 
F. F. STREET. 
JAPAN CEDAE TEA. CHESTS. 
St. John Del Eey, BogawantaUwa, May 23rd, 1889. 
Sir, — With reference to the discussion as to the 
merits or demerits of Japanese tea chests, may I 
state that I have used the ' ced.ir woo 1 ' chests now 
for over thr^e years, and have nev<_r had any com- 
plaint about them from our London brokers, Messrs. 
Wilson, f-mithett & Co. ? 
It is, I think, only fail to irnpj't rs of these 
chests, and is otherwise desirable, that fact-, such 
as these should be ma :e known. — Yours faithfully, 
GILES F. WALKEE. 
CEYLON TEA IN AMEEICA : 
HOW TO PUSH IT. 
Nawalapitija, 23rd May 1889. 
Dear Sir, — In view of an Association or Company 
being now got up here for the s^le o! Ceylon teas in 
America, I would direct your attention to a letter 
signed " Star-Spangled " in the Tropical Agriculturist 
for August 1883. It was evidently written by one 
who knew his subject, and had made himself acquainted 
with the American tea trade, and the taste for tea of 
the American people. The letttr is headed " Indian 
Tea in America.'' 
I would recommend the perusal of it by all those 
interested, and especially by the Directors of the Co. 
referred to above, niiri to this end I think they could 
not do better than have it reprinted from your 
columns got up in a neat pictorial form (as to cover), 
and spread it broadcast over all the leading towns in 
America as soon as they areiu a position to commerce 
business there for the sale of pure Ceylon teas ; for 
what applied to Indians would equally apply to Ceylonn 
as a new introduction in any quantity to their markets. 
In looking over some of the old numbers of the 
T. A. today I stumbled upon this letter, and I think 
it particularly worthy of being reproduced at this 
time.— Yours faithfully, A. M— N. 
[The letter referred to covers two pages of the T.A. 
and is a capital account, wi :h sarcastic remarks, of the 
difficulties experienced by an Indian planter in getting 
his fine teas even looked at by tea-dealers in America : 
this letter wonld no doubt open the minds of con- 
sumers considerably, if freely brought under their 
notice. — Ed.] 
* While those of Japan are invariably faced and 
adulterated, and they count for 50 million lb. exported 
to America. — Ed. 
