August i, 1889.] THE TR0P3CAL AGRICULTURIST. 
far mure of Java and of Southern India now 
than we did some time ago. 
The best opinion that can be formed of our 
supply in Ceylon, places the total of available bark 
—if it became necessary to cut down , and root up 
all our trees — at about 20 millions lb. We have 
Mr. Hamlin's authority for supposing that the 
total for India if treated in the same way could 
not exceed this figure of 20 millions lb. As for 
Java, we have the results of the very elaborate 
and careful inquiry made by the Soekaboemi 
Planters' Association which we are publishing in 
full in the Tropical Agriculturist, and it shows that 
the total export of bark from Java for 1888 was put 
down at 3,689,000 lb. (averaging 4-11 per cent 
quinine) and for 1889 at 4,522,990 lb. (averaging 4-16 
per cent). In Java, we may say, the planters do 
regulate their output far more carefully than do their 
brethren in Ceylon, The Java planters do not harvest 
until they consider that they can get about the maxi- 
mum of benefit from their bark. So that after all 
the practical question would seem to be how to 
regulate, that is, leduce, the export from India and 
Ceylon. Still if the Java planters entered the Agree- 
ment to keep their exports for 1890 and 1891 at 
not more than 3£ to 4 millions lb., there would 
be a distinct advantage; By what means then 
can we secure a reduction of the Ceylon exports 
for each of the two seasons in the Agreement to 
from 5 to 6 millions of lb. and of India to from 3 to 
4 or even 4 to 5 millions ? This is the practical prob- 
lem. It will be for the larger holders of bark in 
Ceylon to give it their best consideration in re- 
sponse to Baron von Bosenberg. The Badulla 
Planters' Association is perhaps the one most in- 
timately associated with the largest area under 
cinchona left in the island. Udapussellawa and 
the Agras division of Dimbula are almost the only 
other two districts needful to take into account. 
Could it be possible to get all owners of say more 
than 30 acres of cinchona in Uva and the two 
districts mentioned, to agree to restrict their harvest- 
ing to a certain rate per acre, during the next two 
years ? 
♦ 
EUCALYPTS AND OTHEB FUNGI TBEES ON 
HILLS OF CEYLON. 
WET WEATHER — GROWTH OF TOONS, EUCALYPTS, AND 
CEYPT0MERIAS — THE NORFOLK ISLAND PINE — JUNGLE 
TREES IN FLOWER — THE NUWARA ELIYA PLAIN — A VISIT 
TO HAKGALA. 
Nanuoya, July 10th. 
Yesterday morning promised fair in Dimbula, and 
the rainfall was not heavy, only 19 cents being 
measured this morning. But driving up to Nuwara 
Eliya though the valley and gorges of the Nanuoya 
we experienced one of those storms of drizzle and 
mist-laden winds, which are more pleasant to recall 
and talk about than to go through, although such 
weather has really no evil effect but the contrary on 
those who are well clad in waterproof coats and 
boots. The most disagreeable effects in our ex- 
perience was from the drip in pushing through our 
little forest of toons (Ccdrdu, Toona) and Japan pines 
(Cryptomeria jwponica) and other trees near the 
buuct of the Lake. The effect of the massive red 
tops of the toons on the hillside facing the Lake 
is now very fine, and the rate at which the trees 
have grown vies with that of the Australian Eucalypti. 
In the first two years a measured tree had made 
22 lout in height. This rate has now been some- 
what lessened because the trees have to thicken 
their branchless stemB, but the tree we measured 
yosterday was 27 feet high, so that in September, 
when the third year from planting out will have 
rounded off, the growth will be 30 feet, or 10 feet 
per annum. The cryptomerias have made slower pro- 
gress, having in their earlier stages received unwelcome 
attention from hares and rats. But now that the 
early troubles are over their growth is very luxuriant, 
too much so in the oase of the side branches, 
which will be trimmed off and used as cuttings, 
the tree being easily propagated in this manner. 
A correspondent who recently wrote must have 
mistaken tnis really handsome pine for Araucaria 
excelsa, the Norfolk Island pine, of which, I regret 
to say, plants are not available at Hakgala. It 
is one of the grandest trees in the world, but 
difficult to propagate from seed. On Abbotsford 
a root shoot has been successfully removed from 
the closely allied Auracaria cookii and promises 
to become a fine tree. A good many jungle trees 
were in blossom as we ascended through the Nanu- 
oya forest ; and in consequence of the nilu having 
died down, the more open spaces up the hillsides 
were blazing with the blossoms of the common 
indigenous balsam. A very considerable number 
of the abounding rhododendrons were in blossom, 
and what this tree could become under cultivation 
is shown by a splendidly coloured and beauti- 
fully formed specimen, which stands conspicu- 
ous on Mr. Bobertson's cleared land at the en- 
trance to Nuwara Eliya. The large old cherry 
trees scattered about the plain were also 
in magnificent blossom, and when the weather 
cleared up at noon, the place looked quietly beautiful, 
with the great mountains looking lovingly down 
on their own reflections in the waters of the Lake, 
on the cottages and gardens and on the river 
winding through the green Plain. We availed our- 
selves of the grateful change to visit Hakgala ; 
and we were repaid, apart from the beauty and 
interest of the gardens by a glorious view of the 
Uva valleys and mountains. The Haputale range 
was specially clear, and the railway cuttings along 
the ridge which leads to " the Pass " seemed quite 
close at hand. Many additions have been made 
to the mountain gardens since we visited them 
last, and alterations and additions are still being 
made. We were interested in the recent intro- 
ductions by Mr. Nock of fruit-trees, vines, camellias, 
azaleas, &c, our only regret being that the able 
and genial head of the establishment was not 
present. In his absence we were well ciceroned, 
first by a young Sinhalese who explained every 
familiar as well as strange plant to us, as if we 
were perfect strangers not only to the country 
but to the vegetable kingdom, and subsequently by 
Mr. de Alwis. Amongst the most striking objects 
were China bananas in rich flower and the fine old 
specimen of Fmus longifolia. The Hakgala gardens 
promise greatly to increase in attractiveness and value. 

COFFEE AND TEA. 
REVIVAL OF COFFEE — OOORG COFFEE SEED — AN OLD BOOK 
ON MANURING AND QUALITY OF TEA — TEA CULTIVATION 
AND PREPARATION BY THE CHINESE — THE WEATHER. 
8th July. 
The belief that Coffee is going to have a turn again 
seems to be pretty general among some classes of the 
natives, but it does not go very much further than talk. 
Meanwhile what is growing is just about develop- 
ing as nice an attack of leaf-disease as anyone 
would like to see; still the crop is not much behind 
last year, albeit there was but one blossom to 
speak of. 
If Coorg coffee seed could be easily had there 
would doubtless be more trial extensions than 
there are, but to get the seed is the difficulty. There 
is a good chance here for someone to start an 
agency for supplying this, 
