334 
THF TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. [November i, 1889. 
their experience cajeput oil directly imported is always 
genuine ahd trustworthy, but that in intervening 
commerce, and, as they hear, especially in America, it 
gets adulterated with camphor oil. On practical 
grounds an adulteration with eucalyptus oil is not to 
be feared, as that oil is more costly. 
Calamus Oil. — Reporting on the Japanese calamus 
root referred to in the previous Bericht (see before, p. 
326) it is stated that these roots do not differ exter- 
nally from European calamus roots and are no doubt 
derived from the same species. They contain 5 per 
cent, of a highly aromatic essential oil, which is con- 
sidf rably heavier than the German calamus oil, having 
a specific gravity of 0991 at 16° 0. It boils between 
210° and 290° C. ; if the distillate be collected in two 
fractions, the lower portion has the characteristic cala- 
mus odour, while the higher boiling portion gives off 
the peculiar sesquiterpene odour. Japanese calamus 
oil also differs from the European in solubility, 1 part 
dissolving in 500 parts of 50 per cent, spirit, the German 
oil requiring 1000 parts of spirit. 
Camphor Oil — Under this name the light-boiling 
portion of the crude camphor oil appears to find enor- 
mously increasing industrial application as a substi- 
tute for turpentine oil. More detailed information is 
now given concerning its characters and composition. 
It is atated that after the preliminary runnings, smell- 
ing disagreeably of aldehydes and acids, the oil begins 
to boil at about 158° C. The first fraction, boiling 
between 158° and 162° C, consists of right-handed 
piuene, identified by the formation of the hydrochlorate, 
C10H16HOI, as well as of sitrosoterpene, malting at 
130°, obtained by treatment of pinene nitrosochloride 
with alcoholic potash. In the portion boiling between 
169° and 171° pbellandreoe was detected, but in very 
small quantity ; it was identified by its nitritie, melt- 
ing at 102°. Dipentene was found in camphor oil by 
Wallach, and the tetrabromide and nitrosylchloride 
compound may be easily obtained from the fraction 
boiling at 180°. The occurrence of terpineol in r amphor 
oil lias not been determined with certainty. Whilst the 
formation of a compound having the composition 
OloHl62HI, as well as of terpin hydrate, dipentene 
and terpinene, rendered its presence highly probable, 
it was, on the other hand, rendered doubtful by re- 
peated failures to obtain the dipentene dihydrochlorate 
and tetrabromide. There is also in camphor oil a 
considerable quantity of a hydrocarbon, boiling about 
260° to 270°, from which was obtained the hydro- 
chloric acid compound., melting at 117°, characteristic 
of the sesquiterpene cubebene. In the highest boiling 
fractions of camphor oil occurs an intensely blue 
coloured oil. which is probably identical with the con- 
stituent, boiling at about the same temperature, occur- 
ing in chamomile, millefolium, wormwood and other 
oils. The constituents of camphor oil found up to 
the present are — 
Boiling point. Constituent. Formula. 
158°- 1620 .. Pinene .. .. CioHie. 
170° .. Phellandrene .. CioHi6- 
176° .. Cineol .. .. Ci 0 H 18 O. 
180° .. Dipentene .. CioHi6- 
204° .. Camphor .. CioHibO- 
215°-218° .. Terpineol .. CioH, 7 OH. 
232° .. Safrol .. C10H.10O 2 . 
248° . . Eugenol . . O10H12O 2- 
274° .. Sesquiterpene.. C15H24. 
Cananga Oil. — The opinion is expressed that the 
finer sorts of Java cananga oil can be used for all 
purposes for which the ordinary qualities of ylang- 
ylang oil suffice, since both oils are derived from the 
same plant audthe extraordinary differences in quality 
are due to the more or less perfect methods of prepara- 
tion. 
Chamomile Oil. — In order to prevent as much as 
possible tbo original blue colour of this oil from chang- 
ing to green it is recommended that it should be pro- 
tected carefully from the influence of light and heat. 
(Ulroiidli- Oil. — The exports of this oil from Cey- 
lon during the year 1888 are estimated to have 
amounted to at least double the exp >rts of the pre- 
vious year, since in the month of August alone the 
shipments readied 2,322,81)0 ounces, or four times the 
average of the same month in the three previous 
years. This enormous export from Oej Ion is driving 
the production of the oil in the Straits Settlements 
i nto the background. — Pharmaceutical Journal. 
ADVICE TO TOBACCO PLANTERS. 
How They Should Cure Their Crops — Recom 
MENDED BY THE PETERSBURG TOBACCO EXCHANGE. 
At a recent meeting on the Petersburg Tobacco Ex- 
change the following resolutions were adopted : — 
In compliance with the re>o!u'iou passed on the 23rd 
July by the Tobacco Association of Petersburg, your 
committee respectfully submits the following views 
touching the matters referred to it r 
In order that planters and farmers in the southside 
section of Virginia, and who ship their tobacco to 
Petersburg to be sold, may know the kinds our trade 
now requires, we will state them. After doing so, 
growers of tobacco knowing the character of their 
crops, can better judge than we can, as to how they 
should be cured, to as to meet the wants of the trade, 
and at the same time, advance their own interests. 
Just here, we will remark, that for some years past, 
about nineteen out of every twenty pounds of tobacco 
made in the section named, and sent to Petersburg to 
be sold, was fired in the ol d fashioned way, except that 
it was not permitted in a majority of cases to yellow 
before fire was put under it. It is well known, or 
should be, all over the State, that for fine dark brown 
rich tobacco suitable for export in the leaf, and good 
to fine dark wrappers, that Peters burg is the best mar- 
ket in the country. 
This knowledge caused a majority of the growers of 
tobacco in the section Darned, to go in tor curing their 
tobacco "dark " to suit the demand refeircd to. Now 
to cure tobacco of a dark, rich, lively color, required 
far more skill and close attention than the bulk of the 
growers of tobacco had any idea of, and the conse- 
quence was a great many made an utter failure in 
curing it properly. The tobacco oftentimes was, just 
as soou as it was cut, put in the barns and then fired 
and smoked until the life of it was killed, and instead 
of the crop curing up a dark, rich brownish color, it 
was found to be a blackish, greeni-h, dead, slaty color, — 
without life and utterly unsuited to meet the demand 
for dark, rich, well-flavored tobacco. Aye more, crops 
which should have been cured some other way, were 
fired and sm >ked, hoping that the doing of it would 
make th^m suitable to the buyers of dark rich to- 
bacco. The way such tobacco was cured killed the 
sale of it, as all the firing and smoking that could have 
been done to it, would nover have made t suitable for 
those who wanted (and at good paying prices) a rich 
leafy, moderately fired tobacco. The oonest truth is 
that five times as many failures have be?n made in 
our section in curing even the rUht kind of tobicco 
dark, (as the trade wanted it) as have been made in 
curing flue-cured kinds correctly. To come back to the 
points as to what kinds of tobacco the trade of Peters- 
burg now wants, we will state them. First. The trade 
wants every pound of bright lemon colored fli e-cured 
to bacco that can be grown in the South Side Section 
and more bei-Mes. 
Second. It wants every pound of fine rich leaf, 
brown and bright-brown shipping tobacco that can be 
grown anywhere in the State, do matter if it does smell 
slightly of smcke. If ci 1 red so as the smell of smoke 
will hardly be perceptible, that will not make any differ- 
ence. 
Third. Our trad9 w ants every pound of the dark, 
and brown leaf, suitable for wrappers for dark work 
that can be grown not only in the Southside section, 
but anywhere else in Virginia. For such tobacco our 
market has bee ome the " headquarters " of this and 
other States. Now, it must be remtmbt red, that in 
order for tobacco to suit our shippers who want brown 
and light-brown fine leaf, and buyers of fine dark, and 
brown wrappers, it must have size, be rich bodied, 
and perfect in the leaf, and then so cured as not to kill 
the life of it. 
Fourth. And this includes by longjodds the bulk of 
the tobacco sold in our city. Our.buyers want a large 
