66o 
Supplement to the "Tropica/ Agriculturist." [March i, 1890. 
Qoraka-gaha (Garcinia Cambogia). — TLie fruit is 
pickled and used in cookery as a flavourer. 
Kana-yoraka (Garcinia Morella) — the only tree in 
Ceylon that produces gamboge. 
Na-gaha (Musua Ferrea) the famous iron-wood tree. 
A hard, reddish, heavy and good wood. 
Mora-gaha (Nephelium Longanum) produces the 
well-known fruit with its characteristic ethereal 
flavour. A useful timber. 
Kong-gaha (Schleichera trijuga) known as the Ceylon 
oak. The wood is used for mortars for oil mills and 
such purposes. 
{To be continued.) 
♦ 
VETERINARY NOTES. 
Distemper in dogs is an affection that is ptrhaps 
more common than any other in the cannine rao , 
and particularly so in Ceylon. The term distemper 
is one whose application is by no means under- 
stood, as I have had occasion to discover. Dog fanciers 
do not seem to recognise more than one pronounced 
form of the disease, and it is difficult to persuade them 
that other symptoms than those which attend this form 
are indicative of the affection. 
Distemper is a contagious and infectious disease, 
which is more apt to affect young animal'", and is of 
uncertain duration, often proving fatal in a few hours, 
again running over a long period. There are five 
forms of it, namely, hepatic (commonly known as 
"yellows"), pneumonic or pulmonary, enteric, 
catarrhal, and nervous. In all forms of distemper 
very great debility occurs. 
The symptoms of hepatic distemper are, yellow skin, 
eyes and tongue, due to absorption of bile into the 
circulation, vomition, and a laxative condition of the 
bowels. There is very great debility, elevation of tem- 
perature, and a tendency to shivering. Give 1 drachm 
hyposulphite of soda and 5 grains sal-ammoniac, keep 
the animal warm ; do not force food, but give bread 
and milk, or soup without grease. When the jaundiced 
look disappears, administer as a tonic 5 or 10 grains 
chinchona. The animal should now be nursed and 
fed for strength. 
The symptoms of pneumonic distemper are a quick 
pulse and high temperature, constipation, and laboured 
breathing. Foment flanks 2 or 3 times a day with hot- 
water, stimulate sides with linament (soft soap, 1 
drachm, hotwater 8 ounces, and liquor ammonia, 1 
drachm), and wrap up chest in dry flannel. The great 
thing is to keep the animal in a dry and warm place. 
Give tonics as in the first case to strengthen. 
Enteric distemper manifests itself in a very lax con- 
dition of the bowels, pain, howling, a tense and drawn- 
up stomach. The temperature will be found high and 
the pulse accelerated. Give castor-oil, J to 1 ounce 
according to size of dog; next tincture of opium 3 
to 10 dropi, and hyposulphite of soda as before. Fo- 
ment abdomen. Give boiled milk with cornflour 
or starch. If bowels still loose, give 20 grains chalk, 
and 5 drops opium, till this condition is improve '. I 
Catarrhal distemper begins with sneezing and shiver- 
ing, and an inclination for warmth. Discharges from 
the eyes and nose follow, and a cough with an in- 
clination to vomit. Keep the animal warm and dry, 
A dose of oil at first will do good; follow with hypo- 
sulphite of soda. Bathe the eyes 4 or 5 times a day 
and if no improvement, steam for half an hour, putting 
4 or 5 drops cresote or terebene in water. Treat for 
strength. 
Nervous Distemper begins with the chare cteristic fits > 
sometimes a dozen or more in one day. The animal 
rolls, froths and to all appearances shows the symptoms 
of true rabies. Much we kness follows each fit, and 
often the dog will bf com? com-itose and die. Adminis- 
ter a bi^ dose of oil, apply coldwater cloths to the 
head, keeping the rest of the body warm. The fits 
ought now to get weaker. Give Bromide of Potassium, 
5 grains twice a day in water or food; also hypo- 
sulphite of soda. 
Tne use of hyposulphite uf soda — a germicide in 
this disease — in every form, must not be neglected ; and 
where it was used from the ear'iest stage, and without 
drugging the animal with a score of medicines which 
anybody and everybody can suggest, I have always 
found it an effectual remedy. 
C. D. 
MILK. 
Milk is said to be a natural emulsion, or a fluid 
containing a number of fa* globules diffused through- 
out its substance. As these particles of fat are inso- 
luble in water, they give rise to the opaque white 
appearance common to all descriptions of milk. On 
standing the greater portion of the fat globules rises 
to the surface and forms the cream. When this is 
removed, the fluid below, commonly called " skim- 
milk " is of a greater specific gravity and of a more 
bluish white tint. The globules of fatty matter are 
inclosed in little skins or shells ; by violent agitation 
these coverings are broken, and the fatty matter col- 
lects together in the form of butter. The composition 
of milk varies to a great extent, being affected by 
the food supplied to the cow, the breed of the cow, 
its state of health, the treatment it receives, time that 
has elapsed since calving, &c. 
The following is an average of eight analyses by 
the eminent Agricultural chemist, Dr. Voelcker : — 
Water 86'84 
Albuminoids .. .. 3 - 95 
Fats 3-80 
Sugar . „ . . ... 4'60 
Ash 081 
100-00 
Milk is of a slightly alkaline reaction, but wheu 
allowed to stand for some days exposed to air, it 
gradually begins to exhibit an increasing acid reaction, 
by the formation of lactic acid from ttie milk-sugar. 
The milk of cows is extensively usjJ as an article 
