April i, 1890.] THE TROPICAL 
AGRICULTURE IN BURMA. 
The chiet difference between the agricultural con- 
ditions in Uper and Lower Burma is that in the latter 
Province 99 per cent, that is practically the whole 
of the cultivated area is under rice, while in the former 
50 per cent, or one-half only, is paddy land. Millets 
and pulses, oilseeds, cotton, wheat and tobaoco make 
up the rest in the order in which they are given. 
There is much opening, therefore, for the introduction 
of many of the other products of Bengal, and it may be 
hoped that the emigration scheme which BIr. Finucane 
went down to float last year io Burma will be of positive 
service to the Province. The total area now under 
crops in Upper Burma is estimated to be three millions 
of acres, but this is only one-fifth of the total area of 
cultivated and culturable land in the Province, exclu- 
sive of two millions of acres under forests. The ex« 
pension of the revenue from land and forests in the 
next years will rapidly carry up the gross income from 
the fifty lakhs at which it stood last year to more than 
double that amount. It is anticipated that when the 
present leases to the contractors who held UDder the 
late dynasty fall in, the forest revenue alone will 
not be less than one-half of the revenue which the 
Department now earns from the whole of British 
India, which is after paying all expenses uot much less 
than fifty lakhs. The mineral resources of the new 
Province are proving to be very great. The recent finds 
of coal and oil have been most satisfactory, and reports 
of further discoveries of rubies, gold and other metals 
have been sent into Rangoon continually. Upper 
Burma is at least a land of promise and not likely to 
be the burden of the Indian revenues that was pre- 
dicted by those who grumbled on that score at its 
annexation — Pioneer, Feb. 24th. 
♦ 
NOTES FROM THE GOVERNMENT CINCHONA 
GARDENS, &c, DARJILING. 
A correspondent of great experience writes : — 
"Mungpoo, Kurseong, Jan. 16th. 
" Our fuel plantation is getting on nicely. As yet 
we have mostly planted a Khasia hill oak— Quercus 
serrata. It is a fast grower — for an oak, and 
thrives well between 3,000 and 5,000 feet, the 
elevations between which the waste land we have 
planted lies, and where no good indigenous oak 
is found. I do not think it would suit you in 
Ceylon so well as the Bluegums and wattles 
which, thriving as they do with you, will give a 
greater return. They are perfeot failures with us, 
you know. The indigenous tree we have the best 
hopes of, as a firewood yielder, is a Birch — Betuala 
alnoides (=B. cylinirostaclujs) which, you must 
have notioed when here. It is a fast grower and 
gets to be a tree of quite 120 feet in height with a 
trunk 9 or 10 feet in girth, besides having the 
merit of preferring bare rooky ridges and knolls 
where few other trees grow to any size. Two year 
old seedlings beside my bungalow are fifteen feet 
high. We have used it for filling up the parts 
where the oaks did not come on and it has beaten 
the surrounding oaks in growth by a long way, I' 
think it would be well worth, your while trying it 
I will send you a good supply of seed of it when 
it ripens whioh will be in the course of a few 
weeks As the seeds are exceedingly small — oon- 
sidera'bly smalh r than those of Ledgeriana — th re 
will be no difficulty in transmitting them. This 
Birch for the dry plaoes, and an Alder (Alnus 
Nipalentit) for the wet, appear to be the two trees 
expressly intended by nature for relothiting land 
slips in these parts, and much might be done with 
them to prevent landslips from enlarging. 
"You appear to be allowing your oinohona culti- 
vation in Ceylon to draw to a close and certainly 
cinchona proepeots are not such as to tempt you 
to do otherwise. We are struggling along, hoping 
to make the two ends meet this season but nobiing 
more. We have every reason to be well satisfied 
with the working of our oil process, both for the 
makiDg of sulphate of quinine and of "Febrifuge." 
Of the latter we get almost double what we did by 
the acid plan. 
"The most of the Darjiling Hill Tea Gardens have 
done fairly well in the way of profits for the past 
reason. Many of the Duars gardens give extra 
ordinary returns in the way of quantity and some 
of them are well up in quality too. But the Terai 
gardens are very unsatisfactory owing to the great 
prevalence of disastrous "blights" of sorts. A 
garden here and there does tolerably well but the 
great majority do very badly." 
Mysore Kaolin. — We believe that Messrs. Saliah 
Mahomed and Co., who are opening out a stone- 
ware factory in Bangalore, intend applying to the 
Dewan asking that the Amildars be directed to 
send in samples of white clay (kaolin) to be tested 
at their faotory. We think the Mysore Govern- 
ment should assis t in this matter and if the ex- 
periments intended to be oarried out by Messrs. 
Saliah Mahomed prove successful, it may lead to the 
development of a porcelain industry in Mysore. 
— Madras Times. 
CEYLON EXPORTS AND DISTRIBUTION 1890. 
Plum- 
bago. 
1890 
ewt. 
36317 
"6573 
4307 
1375 
"'907 
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35936 
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CO UN TEIES. 
To United Kingdom 
„ Marseilles ... ... 
„ Genoa 
„ Venice ... 
„ Trieste ,.. ... 
„ Odessa ... ... 
Jt Hamburg 
„ Antwerp 
„ Bremen ... ... 
„ Havre ... ... 
„ Rotterdam & Amsterdam 
5) Africa 
„ Mauritius and Eastward 
„ India 
D Australia ... ... 
M * America 
„ Barcelona 
Total Exports from 1st Jan. 
to 27th Bdar. 18s 0 
Do 1889 
Bo 18^8 
Do 1887 
