736 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. [May i, 1890. 
desired and that it will probably soon rival Ma- 
riawatte. The principal shareholder in this Com- 
pany is Mr. W. Taylor of Darrawella. 
Of Nutmeg and Spice cultivation there is also 
a little and, a property of Mr. Anderson, an ex- 
Ceylon planter and brother to Messrs. Wm. and 
John Anderson desorves mention. It is situated on 
the river Kallady, 100 feet above sea level and 
24 miles from Quilon ; the trees are about 30 
years old and much too closely planted being about 
20' by 20' instead of 40' by 40', and the conse- 
quence is that only those on the outside of the 
olearing bear fully. Yet the result of 1£ to 2£ 
cwt. an acre netting (including the mace) about 
2s sterling per pound is very satisfactory to the 
owner the expenditure being trifling. Mr. An- 
derson assured me some trees are 70 feet high, 
having been measured. A certain amount of arti- 
ficial shade is necessary at that elevation and 
jak and mango are reoommended for the purpose. 
Cloves also do well, and Cacao grows luxuriantly 
but is not profitable on account of the difficulty of 
keeping tho crop from ravages of squirrels and 
other beasts of the forest. As regards manufacture 
of tea I have little to say having seen but few 
factories and these of a very primitive description, 
but the quality of the teas turned out seemed to 
me excellent, and I have not the slightest doubt 
that with larger factories and consequently cheap- 
ened manufacture, the hill districts of Tra- 
vancore will be able to put teas into London as 
oheap if not cheaper than we can do in Ceylon, 
not excepting even the Kelani Valley, and Kalutara 
districts, the transport charges from the hill 
districts being only about 3c per lb. f. o. b. and 
this with a 52 miles rough road and some 18 to 
20 mile river transport. In the south the average 
cost of labor is only 25o. being I take it as cheap 
as any in the world. .Rice is also cheap, being issued 
to the coolies at E3 a bushel in the Peermaad 
district and still showing a very large profit to the 
estate. 
It goes without saying that the proverbial hospi- 
tality of the planter is as much to the front in 
Travancore as in Ceylon, and I left with regret only 
^hat I had not more time left mo to enable me to 
j,isit the other principal planting districts. 
The Attar of Roses. — Rose water is extensively 
made ia Iudia. At Ghazipure, in Bingal, there are 
hundreds of acres laid out for the purpose. The har- 
vest is in March and April, and the result of the 
distillation ia to supply about one quart of Rose-water 
from each thousand of the blooms; but adulteration 
is very much resorted to, oil of Sandal wood being 
the medium, and the people of India do not seem to 
mina much whether they get the odour of the Rose 
or the Sandal for their money. It is comparatively 
cheap where it is made, costing 2s or 3s a quart even 
when unadulterated. Otto or attar of Roses is much 
more important and expensive. The origin of this 
condensed perfume is told in one of the romantic sto- 
ries of the Eist. It is said that Moorjehan Begum, 
tho favourite wife of Jehan-Geer, was walking in her 
garden, through which ran a stream of Rose-water, 
when- she noticed some oily particles floating on tho 
surface. She had them skimmed off, and their aroma 
was found to be so delicious, that means were devised 
to produce tho precious ensenco in a more regular 
way. The method is an extonsion of that which is 
used to produce Rose-water, but it takes 1,000 busbes 
to supply about 2 oz, of attar, and its value is seldom 
Jess than £20. At that price, and unadulterated, it is 
cold mainly to Europeans, while in a less pure form 
it is vended in the native bazaars. It is bought by 
the Westerns, however, for manufacturing purposes 
and not to be ua?d in its puro couditiou.— Gardener*' 
Chronicle, Feb. 8th. 
Peael and Chank Fiseeeies. — We have received 
from the Madras Government a copy of " Notes 
on the Pearl and Chank Fisheries and Marine 
Fauna of the Gulf of Mannar," by Mr. Edgar 
Thurston, Superintendent of the Madras Govern- 
ment Central Museum, in connection with which 
institution the book is published. We shall notice 
the work more fully in a future issue. 
Statistics of Java Cinchona Baiik. The 
Soekaboemi Agricultural Association have sent 
us their table of Java cinchona bark statistics for 
1889 and 1890, the main points of which are as 
follows. The number of private estates given in 
the table is 103, but from 25 of these no reply was 
received. The remark opposite to one estate is 
" Entirely uprooted : the estate was sold for one 
guilder"! With respect to another estate also, we 
are told that the orop of 1890 is to be obtained by 
uprooting. Several did not crop last year, and a 
large proportion have the remark " 1889 and 1890 
no crop." The manager of one estate says : "Shall 
crop in 1890, if the unit rises appreciably"; while 
another states : " Shall crop only the half in 1890, 
if the cinchona syndicate is formed." The totals 
under the different headings, for which details are 
given in the table under notice, are as follows : — 
1889 Crop. 
TJJ — 
a "S'a 
- a a 
<=.- a 
® CD ^ 
aflp 
a ^ 
§■1 
j 3 IrZ V ■-> 
s <*« o a o> 
wo. -~ n 
ft) «jj w 
o a D fl a 
a 2 a « = £ 
- fJ .a " CX 3 o 
Total 
1,605,900 4.20 per 07,509 1,930,935 4.06 per 78,733 
cent cent 
Government 
Cinchona 
Enterprise 450,000 4 per 18,000 450,000 
cent 
4 per 18,000 
cent 
Grand 
Total ... 2,055,900 4.16 per 85,509 2,386,935 4.05 per 96,733 
cent cent 
^.2 a 
"5 a 
2 a? 5 
-P £; to 
o o 
B S 
Total 
.. 2,325 250 
1890 Crop. 
0£ 
Area Planted 
with Cinchona. 
o 
His 
Government 
Cinchona 
Enterprise 300,000 
cent 
4 per 
cent 
12,000 1,200 851.58 2,400,000 
Grand 
Total ... 2,025,250 4.07 per 106,899 15,305 10,861.17 34,458,012 
cent 
The compilers of the table append the following 
remarks : — " The total area of the 103 estates 
amounts to about 160,000 bouws or about 813,500 
hectares [ 1 hectare == nearly 2i acres], wbichare partly 
planted with other growths beside cinchon a, partly 
uncultivated. From 25 estates, as well as from 
the Director of the Government Cinchon Enter- 
prise, no reply was received to two applications 
for returns. The total number of bouws planted 
with cinchona in Java, inclusive of the Govern- 
ment enterprise, may be estimated at 18,000. 
The total number of cinchona trees in Java in 
the open, inclusive of the Government enterprise^ 
may be estimated at 40,000,000 " It will be seen 
that the total Java crop for 1890 is estimated at 
5,775,550 lb. against 4,523,000 lb. in 1889. 
