868 
Supplement to the "Tropical Agriculturist." 
[June 2, 1890. 
in more than one industry, if only a little extra care 
nnd atbention be bestowed on them. But in spite 
of all this Datural wealth, the villagers in most dis- 
tricts hardly make any effort in this direction, while 
generally very little use is made of these materials. 
The industries favoured in villages are limited to the 
manufacture of baskets, coir-yarn, nyanda mats and 
the like, which however are thriving and paying well. 
But the number of such minor industries need and 
ought not to be limited to so few, and if only suffi- 
cient encouragement be given by those who have a 
knowledge of arts and manufactures, the result would 
not only be a benefit to the villagers, but an ad- 
vantage to themselves ; at auy rate they will have the 
satisfaction of helping to ameliorate the condition of 
the poorer classes. The development of these minor 
industries requires not only a certain amount of tech- 
nical knowledge, but it always requires that the indus- 
tries should be fostered and popularised. As yet there 
is no body or institution whose object is the encourage- 
ment of such industries. 
The aim of the following paper is to indicate the 
capabilities of the Inland for the development of some 
of these minor industries, which I consider worthy of 
attention. 
Tannine/ Materials. — A great demand exists at present 
for tanning materials both in Europe and America, as 
the leather trade is every day growing more extensive. 
Now we possess many wild and cultivated treps which 
yield tan to a more or less extent. The following list 
contains a number of trees common in Ceylon which 
yield tanning materials in different parts of their 
structure : — 
The portion 
Common name. which con- 
tains tan. 
Sinhalese. 
Acorus Calamus 
. Wadakahfc . 
.. Leaves 
Acacia Catechu 
Ratkihiri Heartwood 
Areca Catechu 
Puwak 
.. Fruit 
Anacardium Occidentale . . . 
Kaju 
.. Bark 
Barringtonia Acutangula .. 
Elamidella 
.. Bark 
■ Rcemosa 
Midella 
.. Bark 
Sneciosa 
Mudilla 
.. Bark 
Bassia Longifolia 
Mi 
.. Bark 
ButeaFrondosa 
Kela 
.. Bark 
Cassia Auriculata ... 
Ranawara 
.. Bark 
Careya Arborea 
. Kahata 
.. Bark 
Cirilla Ictegrima 
. Davata 
.. Bark 
Casurina Equisetefolia 
. Wbip tree 
.. Bark 
Calotropis Gigantea 
. Wara Whole plant 
Calophyllum Inophyllura . 
. Domba 
.. Bark 
Diospyros Embryopteris . 
. Timbiri 
... Fruit 
Eugenia Bradeata 
. Tembilya 
.. Bark 
Erythrina Indica 
. Erabadu 
.. Bark 
Ficus Glomerata ... 
. Attikka 
... Bark 
Benghalensis 
. Nuga 
.. Bark 
Religiosa ... 
. Bo 
.. Bark 
Leeestremia Parvifolia 
. Muruta 
.. Bark 
Mangifera Indica ... 
.. Amba 
... Bark 
Mimuoops Elengi 
.. Munamal 
... Bark 
Psidium Guava ... 
.. Pera 
... Bark 
Pnnifa Granata 
.. Delun 
... Fruit 
Phvllontlius Embellica 
. Nelli 
... Fruit 
Rh'zophTa Mucrnnnta 
.. Kadol 
... Bark 
Semecarpus G-irdneri 
.. Bndulla 
... Bark 
Svzygium Jambolanum 
.. Madan 
... Bark 
Thc-pppia Popnlnea 
.. 8nrya 
... Bark 
Terrninalia B' lWica 
.. Bulu 
... Fruit 
Ohebula 
.. Aralu 
... Fruit 
G'abra 
.. Kumbuk 
... Bark 
Oatappa 
. Kottamba 
... Bark 
Vateria Acuminata 
. Hal 
... Bark 
Vatica Koxburgniana 
,. Mendora 
... Bark 
CEYLON TIMBER TREES. 
By John B. Driebeeg, l.ii.c.p. & s., Edin. 
Lunu-mideUa (Melia Composita). — A quick-growing 
tree, timber very light, cedar like. Used for outriggers 
of boats, and extensively for ceilings of boubes. White 
ants said not to attaok it. 
Burutu-yas (Chloroxylon Swietenia). — From which is 
obtained the well-known Satinwood. This is one of 
the lareest and best known of Ceylon timber trees. 
Liable to warp and split if not well seasoned in the 
shade. 'Flower Satin' obtained generally from the 
roots &c. of this tree. 
Ur/urosssCL and Katu-keena-gas (Xanthoxylon Rhetsa). — 
A large tree producing the well-known luscious fruit. 
The wood is soft and much used for char coal. 
Atanibagaha (Mangifera Indica). — The ind'gennin 
wild Mango tree from which all the cultivated speci- 
mens have sprung; One of the most gigantic of onr 
timber trees. Seen in large Dumber* between Colombo 
and Batticaloa. The fruits are the siz° of a large 
English plum. Two or three near the Wellicad^e Jail 
are worth going to see. Wood used f ir inferior 
purposes. 
Kaju-gas (Anacardium Occidentale). — From its 
original S. American name Acajou. Naturalised in 
Ceylon. Yields a useful gum. Wood extensively 
used as the preparation of charcoal for our tea manu- 
facturing. Yields the well-known Kaju-poolang 
fruit and Kaju-nnts. 
Kaekuna-gaha (Canarium Zeylanicum). — A large tree 
Produces a balsamic gum resin, the fumes of which 
when heated is said to effectively drive away mosquitoes. 
Diya-Siembala (jEschynomene Aspere). — The Sola 
or Pith hats &c. are made from a spontrv substance 
generated id the stems of these plants when growing 
jn water as they generally do. 
Siembala (Tamarindus Officinalis). — The roots and 
heart wood of old trees euperior in colour &c. to 
Oalamander. Fruit used largely as a condiment : when 
ripe, with sugar is a pleasant laxative. 
JEhotla (Cass'a Fistula), — Wood close-grained but 
small and curved. Used for tom-toms. All parts used 
in medicine. 
Kumbuk (Terminalia Glabra). — A very majestic tree. 
The best specimens can be seen from Beligam r orthward 
to Jaffna, and from thence to Batticaloa. The Dative 8 
believe that water will always be found by digging 
n ear the Kumbuk tree. A writer in the Ceylon Examiner 
some time ago gave an account of one of these trees 
which sprung a fountain out of its trunk, out of which 
a number of travellers slaked their thirst ! One of 
the most majestic specimens of this giant of the Ceylon 
forest can still be seen near the high road beyond Whist 
Bungalow (the late Sir Richard Morgan's residence 
Modara). This tree hss been described by Sir Emerson 
Tennent as well worth a visit. This tree resists the 
most powerful storms. It is said never to. loose its 
leaves. The Kumbuk tree at Modara measures at the 
base close on 30 feet in circumference. 
