December t, 1887.] THE TROPICAL 
AGRICULTURIST. 
421 
Giuger, African (Zingiber officinalis). — 2'6 per cent. 
„ Bengal (Jiitto). — 2 per cent. 
Japanese (Ditto). — 1"8 per cent. 
„ Coehiu China (Di'to) — 1-9 per cent. 
Heracleum Seed* (Hcrac'eum Sphondylium). — 1 p. c. 
Hop Flowers (Hamulus Lu i dus). — 0'7 percent. 
Hyssop He. b (Ilyssopa officinalis). — 04 per cent- 
Iris Hoot (/;•?'< F/oi cntii>a).—Q-2 per cent. 
Iva Herb (Iva moschcta). — CM per cent. 
Jnniper Berries, Qer. (Junip- communis)- — 0-6 to 0-7p- e. 
,, Huugarian ( Ditto). — 1 to riper ct- 
„ „ Italian (Ditto). — 1-1 to 1-2 per cent. 
Laurel Berries (Laurus nobilis) — I percent. 
Laurel Berries, Qa\\t.(Oreodaphns Ca/iforaica)--7-6 p. c 
Laurel Leaves (Ditto) — 2'4 per cent. 
Lavender Flowers, German (La ram/nfa vera)* — 2-9 p. c. 
Ledum (Ledum pal u.<tre). — 0.35 percent. 
Lignaloe Wood (Elaphrium graveolens) — 5 percent. 
Lovage Koot (Levisticum officinale) — U-6 percent. 
Lupulin (Humvlui Lupulus). — 2.25 per cunt. 
Mace (Myristicz moschata) — 11 to 16 per cent. 
Marjoram Eerb, fresh (Qriyan. Magorcma). — 0'35 p. c. 
„ „ dried (Ditto)- — 0'9 per cent- 
Masterwort (Imperatoria Ostruthium) — 0-8 per cent. 
Matico L'-avs (Piper angusti'oliurn). — 2-4 per cent. 
Matiicaria Herb (Matricaria Parthenium) — O03 p. c. 
Melissa Herb (Melissa officinalis).— 0-1 per cent- 
Miclielia Bark (Michelia Nilagvnca). — 0-3 per cent. 
Milfoil Herb [Achillea Millefolium) — 0-8 per cent. 
Musk Seed (Hibiscus Abelinoschus). — 0'2 per cent. 
Mustard Seed, Dutch (Sinapis nigral. — 085 per cent. 
„ „ East Indian (Ditto). — 059 per cent. 
,, „ German (Ditto) — 0-75 per cent. 
„ „ Russian (Sinapis juncea). — 0-5 per cent. 
Myrrh (Balsamodendron Myrnha),— 2:5 'o 6'5 per cent. 
Nigella Seeds (Nit/el la (tativa).—ti.'i per cent. 
Nutmegs (Myristica moschata) — 8 to 10 per cent- 
Olibanum Resin (Olibanus thwrifera) — 6-3 per cent. 
Opoponax Resin (1'iutinacaOpoponax). — 6 - 5 percent. 
Parsley Herb (Apium Petrosclinum) — 0-3 per cent. 
Parxley Seed (Ditto) — 3 per cent. 
Parsnip Seed (Pastinaca satica). — 2 - 4 percent. 
Patchouli Herb (I'ugostemou Patchoulii. — 1.5 to 4 p. c. 
Poach Kernels (Amygdala* Persica). — 0 - 8 to 1 percent. 
Pepper, Black (Pip- r nigrum) — 2'2 per cent. 
Peppernnut, fresh (Mentha piperita). — 0-3 per cent. 
„ dried (Ditto) — 1 to 1-25 p r cent. 
Peru Balsam. (Myroxylon Pereirce) — 0-4 per cent. 
Pestwort (Tussilago Petasites)- — 0 056 per cent. 
Pimento (Myrtus Pimenta)- — 3*5 per cent. 
Pimpinell.i Uo.it i •,!(■'!, i Sa.iyraga). — (V025 p. c. 
Poplar Buds (I'op'dus nigra) — 0'5 per cent- 
Ithodium (Convolvulus Scoparia) — 0-01 per cent- 
Rose Flow.rs, fresh (Rosa ci UtTdlia). — 0'05 per cent. 
Rue Herb (Ruta graveolens) . — 018 per cent. 
Sige Herb, Q i man (Salvia officinalis). — T4 per cent. 
,, „ Italian (Ditto). — i'7 percent. 
Sandal wood, Indian (Santalum album). — 4'5 per cent. 
„ „ Macassar (Ditto). — 2 - 5 per cont. 
n ., West In 'ian (Unknown). — 2'7 per cent. 
Sassafras Wood (Laxtnis Sassafras). — 2'6 per cent. 
Savin Herb (./unijurrus Sabina). — 3 75 per cont. 
Snake root, Ganad . ( As irum canadensc).-2 S to 3 - 25 p. c. 
ii Virgin. (. I risto'ocliia Scrpentaria). — 2p.c. 
Southern wood Herb (Artemisia A6rotanum).—Q'0ip. c. 
Southern woo l Root (Ditto).— O'l per cent. 
Spearmint ( Mentha crispa).—\ per cent. 
Star Anise, Chinese (Iltieium anisatum). — 5 per cent. 
•i ,, Japanese (Illicium retiqiosum). — 1 per ct. 
St tux (Liquidambar Oriental is). — 1 per cont. 
Sumbiil Koot ( Ferula Snmbul).--0-8 percent. 
Tnnsy Herb (T •nintum vulgare).— 0*16 per oent. 
Thvmo, Wdd (Thymus $erptdlum).—0 $ per cent. 
Valerian Bitot, < •' ■• m. ( Valeriana officinalis) —0-95 p. c. 
„ „ Dutch (Ditto). — i per cent. 
>• I, J >i> ne*« (Patrinia scabiosn folia). 
Vi-tiviT Rool ( A tdrop tgon muricatus ).— o 2 to 3 - 5 p. c. 
Water Pannel Sew I Phyllandrium aquatiea) — 13 p, o. 
Wornisoo.l (Artemisia mtrttima). — 2 per c.-nt. 
Wormwood Herb , Artemisia Ab<inthium s i.—0-3 0 4 p. c. 
Ze 'o.rv Roo' (Cu cuma 2adoaria),—Vi pcrocnt. 
— Pharmaceutical Journal. 
BRIEF NOTES FOE POULTRY KEEPERS. 
Chickens should have all the soft feed they can 
eat, but should not be fed so much that any will be 
left to sour. 
Mix ground c.yenne pepper with the morning food 
for chicks twice a week, one teaspoouful of pepper 
for ev«ry fifty chicks. 
In the poultry districts of Franoe the usual food 
fed to chickens consists of milk, butter-milk, barley, 
oatmeal, and a little rice refuse. 
When a cock has passed his prime his progeny 
are more liable to leg weakness, roup, gapes, &c, 
and the progeny will bo ailing and very poor layers. 
Wheat screenings and damaged wheat make a 
good feed for fowls. 
Heus two or three years old will not lay so great 
a number of eggs as will pullets in the first twelve- 
month after they commence to lay. In quantity, 
therefore, yearling will excel, but not in quality for 
hatching purposes. 
Charcoal is sometimes eaten by fowls with great 
avidity. It should always be kept by them, pounded 
to the size of kernels of grain, for the varying need 
of animals directs their appetite, and therefore what 
they crave will be good for them. 
The hen-houses should be fumigated and cleaned 
this month, if this has not already b.?en done. The 
old laying and sitting nests are alive with small 
vermin now in many places. Clear out the filthy 
straw and bum it up. Wash the nests with kerosiue 
oil in a thorough manner. Keep down the lice, and 
your fowl stock will be comparatively comfortable 
during these warm days and nights. 
It is proper to say hens sit, not set. Eggs for 
setting, or better, for hatching, not for sitting. A set 
of eggs, not sitting or setting of eggs. Eggs have 
been laid, not lain. A hen offers to sit of her own 
accord ; we set her when we prepare the nest, furnish 
the nest, &c. However, set has been used so often 
and so long, in the place of sit, that some persons 
have insisted that such use is sanctioned by custom. 
There is no more fruitful source of cholera and 
other poultry diseases than water that has become 
stagnant, or heated. Endeavour to have some kind of 
a trough or earthen vessel in a shady place, and 
fill it with fresh water twice, or even three times a 
day. The drinking cups of hens with broods of 
chickens will need special attention, as, being shallow, 
they arc quickly emptied. — Poultry World. 
IRRIGATION IN INDIA. 
Irrigation is frequently necessary, and there are 
various kinds of apparatus for this purpose. Basket 
irrigation is done by means of a basket of bamboo, 
in shape something like a dustpan, from holes made 
near a tank or stream. Four ropes are tied to the 
bask, t, one to each corner, and two men, standing 
on opposite sides of the hole, each holding two of 
the ropes, dip the basket in the hole, and, swinging 
it with some force, throw the water on to the adjacent 
laud. Another mode of irrigation is accomplished by 
means of a loug canoe, usually made of the trunk 
of the Palmyra palm. This canoe is balanced in the 
middle, and is first dipped into the wator at one end 
and filled, after which the balance is reversed and 
the water is emptied into channels carrying it to 
various parts of the land. These processes apply only 
to cases where the water is near the surface of the 
land. In wells where the water is from 12 to 20 feet 
below that level the water is raised in buckets by 
hand, with the help of a beam and counter balanc- 
ing weight. In Southern India a man raises the 
water by running from one end of the beam to 
the ot u er. In the Punjab and other p^rts the Persian 
wheel (whom* operation i* similar to th.t of our river 
dredger) ii. employed. When the water is nioro than 
20 foot from the surface another plan becomes 
nece«sary, and a slope from the will is excavated, 
equalling in length the distance between the mouth 
Ot the w. ll and the water level. A leathern bucket, 
holding about 100 gallons, is attached to a rope pa.isin^ 
