January 2, 1 888-1 THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
5°3 
— — — 
that such a contingency were likely to occur, and 
thero may bo now even losa ground for such an ex- 
pectation, hut in some quarters the belief, or at least 
a suspicion exists that the subject is being can- 
vassed by the manufacturers, and recent events, small 
in themselves perhaps, have tended to strengthen it. 
Whatever may bo the future course of the quinine 
market, the fact remained that a firmer ton« has 
been infused into it during the past few days, and 
there is no doubt, in the absence of any more 
tangible reasons appearing on tbc surface, that it is 
attributable to some extent at least to the discussion 
created by the bear circular of the Philadelphia 
parties referred to above, and possibly to the indica- 
tions, slight as they are, that the manufacturers are 
considering the matter of an international igreement 
to regulate prices. — Oil, Paint and JJm'j Report. 
NOTSS on PbODCCE, — New markets for Indian and 
Gey lun tea are wanted, and they will be found ; but 
who is to be first in the field ? The United States 
and Canada should be won over. They drink Japan 
tea iu America bocause they are used to it, and for 
the reason that intesested persons natually do their 
utmost to retain the trade in Japan tea. The Ceylon 
planter! are going to make a raid on the American 
markets and the Indian planters must do the same. 
It is absurd that this market should be practically 
closed to the best teas grown, simply because the 
consumers have had their palates spoiled. The Ameii- 
caDS and Canadians may not bo tea drinkers, but if 
they could be persuaded to acquire a taste lor Indian 
and Ceylon teas they would take kindly to tea. The 
scheme in India for promoting the sale of Iudian tea 
amongst natives has not hung fire. It is announced 
from Calcutta that shares in the Association to the 
amount of 100,000 rupees have already been subscribed 
for, and that the Provisional Committee have re- 
solved to register a company forthwith. — 11. d/ C. Mail, 
10th Dec. 
Essential Oil ok Shaddock.— Certain AVest Indian 
planters who visited tins country at the time of the 
Colonial and Indian Exhibition have since been turn- 
ing their attention to the cultivation of Mindry minor 
commercial articles which, though still promising a fair 
profit, bad hitherto been uegltcted, partly because the 
timo of the cultivators was fully occupied in looking 
after " staples," and alto because the requirements 
and capacities ef the European markets for minor pro- 
ducts were but very imperfectly known. Among the 
articles thus recently introduced is essential oil of 
shaddock (Citrus deevmana), of which wo recently saw 
an excellent sample iu the bauds of a Loudon firm 
of essential oil merchants. This oil is obtained by the 
sponge or Ecuelle process from tin; rind of the shad- 
dock, kuown iu this country as " pouupelmoussc," or 
"forbidden fruit." The sample which we inspected is 
of pale yellow colour, excellent aroma, and pungent, 
bitter taste, vory like orange oil of tho finest quality. 
No attempt has yi l been made to extract this oil in 
quantities large enough to make it a regular article 
of commerce ; but under favourable circumstances the 
Wist Indian planter who sent ovor this trial-COnmgn- 
nient would bo in a position, we believe, to send over 
more important consignment-. At present a lew 
pounds only are obtainable at a price approaching that 
of oil of bitter orange, as a substitute for which the 
shaddock-oil is especi illy recommended. The fruit was 
brought over to the Wi st Indies more Ihau a hundred 
| Utl SgO from it, original habitat, China, by an English 
captain, named Shaddook, who hat thus immortalised 
bun . If 111 one of the largest fruits extant, a single one 
Dl M hk b occasionally weighs as much as twenty pounds, 
l ie shaddock his a smooth palo yellow, skin, and n 
white or reddish sub-add pulp. The Chinese'" ottm- 
outa/ 1 Irennently told in Mincing i.ano, bilong to 
the sumo tribe. We should think that the oil might 
tin i employment i though the mirkct codld easily be 
glutted; m the maoafafftun ol perfumery, liqueurs, 
ami bqnfeotlonf ry.— - Ohtmui ukd DruggUt.- 
DOSS OlXCHONAHtlO WI KU Pay'.' - A well known 
Perlui wholesale druggist, Mr. .1. I) Riedoljna recenl 
i.cn Itr of the Pfumtaetntittke & itung, offers bis view 
of the question at what lowest sale-price of bark cin- 
chona-growing can b • made to pay. Mr. Piedel asserts 
that from 1880 to 1882 cinchona exporters iu Columbia 
did not find it profitable to bhip any bark for which 
less than 5</. per lb. was paid at tho London auctions. 
It should be noted, however, that at the time tho 
London charges and allowances on cinchona were very 
much heavier than they are at present, deductions for 
difference in weight alono amounting to about 10 per 
cent. During the same period the cost of production 
of a cargo (equal to 250 lb., 1 dry cuproa bark in th» 
forests of Sautander, where that variety had just then 
been discovered in immense quantities, was 2\il. per lb., 
taking into account the loss on the Spanish exchange 
and the fact that nearly 0 lb. of green bark, were required 
to yield 1 lb. of the dry article. Carriage of the bark 
through tbc woods and by the Magdalena River to 
Savanilla, the port of shipment, amounted, iu 1880, 
to about Vld. per lb., but afterwards, when the rate 
were increased, to as much as 6d. per lb. As scon as 
the Loudon price for this variety averaged below 6d 
per lb., the export of cuprea bark must, therefore, have 
ceased to be profitable. With the decline in tho value 
of cinchona the exportation of bark from South America 
to New York and Paris receded to a minimum, and 
the shipments to London were mostly limited to old 
stock on hand. The increase of East Iudian bark 
supplies, collaterally with the diminution in the South 
American shipments, is, in Mr. Riedel's opinion, evi- 
dence that cinchona can be produced much more eco- 
nomically in the British and Dutch colonies than in 
its original habitat. Labour being cheaper in Ceylon 
than iu South America, the cost of collecting bark 
in the former country may bo ostimated at Id. per lb. 
of dry bark, or per 100 lb., 8 s. Ad. • carriage to railwa y 
station, per 100 lb., Grf., railway freight and cartage to 
the mills in Colombo, Is. ; repacking, pressing, export 
duty, and other charges at Colombo, and freight to 
London, 3s. 6d ; cartage, sampling, storage, and sale 
expenses in Loudon, Is. 9rf. ; insurance (on 40s. per cwt. ), 
broker's commission, interest on money advanced, &c, 
5 to 5J per cent, of 40s., 2s. ad. ; total costs and charges 
£.r 100 lb., 17s. 5d., or 2 l-10th<i. per lb. It follows 
that if the average price at the London auctions is 
less than 2 l-10th d. per lb., the planter loses monoy 
absolutely, and it will pay him better to leave his 
trees alone or to burn thtm down, as the cheapest 
way of destroying them, than to harvest the bark. 
The cost of turning cii chena bark into sulphate of 
quinine, Mr. Rietlel estimates (tor Lcndon) at l§rf. to 
1 9 -101 h (/. per lb. of bark, and the average proportion 
of quinine in the bark at 1\ to 1* percent. Calculat- 
ing on this basis, he arrives at the conclusion that if 
the planter is to receive back the mere cost of collect- 
ing and shipping bark, not allowing for any profit, 
the producing price per or,, of quiuiue is Is. 3j»f. — 
Chemist and iJiuyyist. 
DISTRIBUTION OF CEYLON EXPORTS. 
(From 1st Oct. 1887 to 5th Jan. 1888.) 
COUNTHIKS. 
Cchona 
Brunch 
Coffer & Trunk 
cwt. 
To Uaited Kingdom 
, , Marseilles 
,, Genoa 
„ Venice 
,, Trieste 
„ Iiamtnirg ...] 
,, Antwerp 
,, Bremen 
„ Havre 
„ Rotterdam 
,, ihii ... 
„ Mauritius 
,, India & Eastward ... 
,, Australia 
,, America 
COtal I'xports tromOrt.l. 
1881 u> Jan. B, 1888 
Do is.sd do 1881 
Do I—' do iss.. 
Do lbM do 18>6 
300 
•2o 
91'' 
1U53 
"llii 
il 
J 
«>;* 
30.H1 
:-s 
Carda- 
Tea. 
C'COB 
moms. 
' lb. 
ewt. 
lb. 
3180730 
1387 
3G036 
K'-M 
107 
96433 
9 »:i 
. 80", 
"' to 
31356 
20 
f7 
-I'- 
ll HO 
B0M7 
".•373 
.'1103 24:'lni: 
:*.'<> 
180 
1014 
07501 
187 
