5*9 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. [February i, 1888. 
and could be delivered here at a moderate cost. The 
pods of this tree when tbe seeds are removed, _are 
also rich iu tannin. If ground to a powder like sumach, 
and packed iu bags, there would be no difficulty iu 
obtaining for it sufficient trial in this country to 
determine the question of its probable commercial 
value. 
2. Acacia catechu. — Outch, a tree 30 to 40 feet high, 
abundant in the forest of India and Burma. Its ex- 
tract, similar to gam bier, is well known, but it is 
not so well adapted for tanning purposes as for colour- 
ing and preserving the nets, lines and sails of our 
fishery industry. The bark, being of pale colour 
and rich in tanning-property, might find favour with 
tanners here as a rival to mimosa. 
3. Acacia leucoplcea. — A tree met with in North, 
South, aud "Western India and Burma. The bark is 
of pale colour, and is valued as a tan, giving a pinky 
tinge to the leather produced from it, similar to that 
derived from the bark of another tree of this family 
{A. Jacquemontii). 
4. Arogeissus latifoia. — This tree is found in the 
sub-Himalayan tract from the Ravi eastward, and 
in Oeutral and Southern India. It is very plentiful 
in Melghat. The bark and leaves are extensively used 
for tauniog in iDdia, and if found suitable for the 
European market, could be more largely and cheaply 
supplied, as stated by Dr. Watt, than any 
other Indian tan. The leaves would have to be 
ground into dust like sumac, and the bark treated 
like Australian mimosa, to make them available 
for export. 
5- Gassia auriculata, — A common shrub in South 
and Central India, the bark of which is one of the 
most valuable of Indian tans. The same remarks 
apply to this as to the acacia bark above-mentioned. 
6. Cossalpinia coriaria. — This is the American divi- 
divi or sumach. It has been successfully introduced 
into India, especially in the Madras Presidency, and 
as it has been found to have a salutary effect on 
the soil where it is grown, it will doubtless be 
more largely introduced The pods are not equal in 
quality to the divi-divi imported from Bio Hache, 
but there is no reason why with intelligent treat- 
ment they should not become so. 
7. Oeriops candolleana. — Often called a mangrove, 
a small evergreen tree met with on the muddy 
shores and tidal creeks of India and the Andaman 
islands. This and OeHops Ro.vburghii, are of much 
the same character, and bo'h are said to yield a 
bark wiiich is an exceedingly valuable tan, imparting 
a gool red colour to the leather, and which ought 
to be brought more prominently to the notice of 
European tanners. 
8. JEuc/enia janibolana. — A moderate-sized tree found 
wild or in cultivation all over India, from the 
Indus eastward. The bark is a powerful astrigent, 
and might be a uselul tan, but is used chiefly by 
druggists. 
9. Hymenodictyon execlsnm. — A large deciduous 
tree with smooth bark, met with on the dry hills 
at the base of the Western Himalayas, throughout 
the DeccaD, Chutra Nagpur, and Central India, 
The inner bark is astringent, and might be adapted 
for tanning. 
10. Mallotus ■phillippinensis. — A small tree of the 
sub-Himalayan tract from the Indus eastward, the 
bark of which is largely used in tanning in the 
North West Provinces. 
11. Mawjifera indica. — The mango tree, a densely 
branched tree, wide on the Western Ghats, the 
Chutra Nagpur Hills and the Naga Hills cultivated 
all over India for its fruit. The leaves are used 
for tanning: by the poorer classes in Oudh, and the 
bark is said to be used as tan in the Dacca dis- 
trict, Bengal. 
12. Phylnnthus emblica. — A moderate-sized tree in 
the dry forests of India and Burma. The fruit is 
the emblic myrabolane used in dying and tanning. 
The leaves are also used in tanning in most parts 
of India, and are regarded as one of the best tans 
by the Bengal tanners. If ground to a powder, they 
would be more likely to bo serviceable here than 
the nuts, 
13. Quercus lamellosa. — A large handsome tree? 
with broad serrated leaves, met with in Nepau 
and eastward to Sikkim, Bhutan, the Naga Hills> 
and the mountains on the Burma-Manipur frontier- 
In Darjeeling the bark is used for tanning, and it 
has the appearance of being well adapted for that 
purpose. 
14. li.< izophora nMcronata. — The mangrove tree, a 
small tree frequent in tidal forests. The bark is 
used for tanning, but does not make good leather. 
15. Soyviida fehrifut/a. — The Bohun tree found in 
the hilly districts of North-AVest, Central, and Southern 
India. The bark is astringent, and a powerful 
febrifuge, being an excellent substitute for the Peru- 
vian bark. It is of a desirable pale colour, and 
appears to contain a high amount of tanning prin- 
ciple. Experiments are likely to be made with this 
bark to test if it is as serviceable as its appearance 
would indicate. 
16. Taruarix. — Tamarisk of which these are six 
species in India, the gall-nuts of which are highly 
prized on account of the great amount of tanning 
they contain. They are regarded as one of the 
most valuable of India tans. 
17. Termiaalia. — Several species of trees belong- 
ing to this genus afford valuable tans. The bark 
of all is rich in tanning material, and the fruits of 
at least two constitute the so-called myrabolanes of 
commerce — viz., cliehula, the black myrabolane; and 
lielerica, the beleric mjrabolane. 
A few other interesting specimens, all more or 
less useful for tauning purposes, might be added to 
the list ; but they are generally in smaller supply 
than the above, or not so well adapted for ex- 
poration. 
The Kev. A. Campbell, Santul Missionary, Chutia 
Nagpur, exibits an interesting series of myrabolanes, 
termiualia galls and terminalia bark. The various 
forest officers throughout India have also contributed 
largely, and with the special show case furnished 
by the Chamber of Commerce of Bombay, the col- 
lection of India myrabolanes now on view is one of 
the largest and most complete ever exhibited. — 
Straits Times. 
POISONOUS PROPERTIES OF RHODODEN- 
DRON LEAVES. 
To the Editor of the " Pharmaceutical Journal." 
Sir, — In the supplementary note upon Trebizonde 
honey by Mr. E. M- Holmes (Pharm. Journ-, 1887, p 
400), it is recorded that Mr. H. Clark states that eight 
sheep which ate rhododendrons in Syndall Park, La^er- 
sham, were found dead the next morning with rhodo- 
dendron leaves in their stomachs. In the discussion 
upon the paper I mentioned that a case of suspected 
poisoning of sheep by rhododendrons had occurred in 
my own neighbourhood. I have since quite satisfied 
myself that the stomachs of the sheep contained con- 
siderable quantities of rhododendron leaves, and there 
appears to be little doubt that the sheep were poisoned 
by these leaves. It is noteworthy that the description of 
the svmptoms of the sheep closely correspond with the 
effect of the honey upon Xenophon's army. It appear- 
ed to me desirable to confirm my previous statement, 
for apart from the interest it might, have as connect- 
ed with Trebizonde honey, rhododendrons are very 
frequently cultivated in parks, and their poisonous 
properties appear not generally to be knows (even such 
botanical works as I have speaking doubtfully on the 
subject), therefore I do not think that their dangerous 
character ca'.nbe too widely published. — J.C- Shenstone. 
Insect Pests. — Pears, Plums, and Apples, are often 
infested with scale and other insects which, unless the 
trees receive an occasional dressing when the pruning 
is completed prove very injurious. The stems and 
bronches ought to be painted over with a solution of 
Gishurst Compound, at the rate of 4 oz. to the gal- 
lon of water, the required consistency being given to 
it by adding a little olay, lime, sulphur, and soot; 
and this should be put on with a brush. — Gardeners' 
Chronicle. 
