8S 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
[Aug. I, 1903. 
Deep, dead water. 
Strong current rift, 
Wind, 
West Wind, 
Clear sky, 
Clear, pure water, 
l!ove. 
Tent, 
Great Spirit, 
River, 
You, 
To paddle, 
Ligfit, 
Woman, 
Pulpecat. 
K'schupehellen. 
K'schaccon. 
Wundchenneunk. 
Packenum. 
K'schiechpecat, 
Ni. 
Ahoaltowagan. 
Hempsiganawan. 
Getanittowit. 
KitUn. 
Kiluwa. 
Tscliimhammen. ' 
Woachejik. 
Ochqueu. 
Of course these are phonetic horrors. Two of the 
longest^ Delaware words, evidently made prolix by reason 
of the importance of the states they name, were: 
Sickness, 
Marriage, 
Winamallsachtowagan. 
Witachpungkewiwuladtpoagan. 
Other words meant a condition, as: 
Achgieuchsu, He is drunk. 
N'dappintotamanuschasqueen, I am come from striking fish 
with a spear. 
It is horrible pedantry to reproduce such jargon, espe- 
cially as it is the pronunciation by unlettered Indians, and 
recorded by an unknown scribe merely by sound. But if 
the reader has any sense of humor, he can hardly fail to 
imagine the Delawares in council, gay in feathers, terse 
of speech, smeared with war-paint, and mouthing these 
were_ divided by a river, nine parts of ten passing over 
the river, and one part remaining behind. They knew not 
for certain how they came to this continent ; but account 
thus for their first coming into these parts which are now 
settled : That a king of their nation where they formerly 
lived far to the west, left his kingdom to his two sons ; 
that the one son, making war upon the other, the latter 
thereupon determined to depart and seek some new habi- 
tation; that accordingly he "sat out," accompanied by a 
number of his people, and that after wandering to and 
fro for the space of forty years, they at length came to the 
Delaware River, where they settled, 370 years before. The 
way he said they kept an account of this was by placing 
a bead of black wampum every year on a belt they kept 
for that purpose. 
Now, note the corroboration in the Waluin Glum, or 
Red Score, as given in Brinton's "Lenape and their 
Legends." It recites the time when they saw that valley. 
"A great land and a wide land was the east land, a land 
without snakes, a rich land, a pleasant land." And 
"Opossum Like was chief; he had fought in sadness, and 
said : 'Let us go together to the east, to the sunrise.' 
They separated at Fish River ; the lazy ones remained be- 
hind." 
This migration to the Delaware Valley is followed by 
the names of eleven chiefs that succeeded each other 
up to the time of the coming of the whites (Hudson, 
Here was as delicious a piece of comic opera as was 
ever dreamed of by Offenbach or Sullivan. It was about 
1720. Five years later, in 1725, the Delawares refused to 
join the Iroquois in an attack on the white settlements, 
and were reproached for being "wometi." In 1735 they 
were cheated out of much of their lands, through the his- 
toric "Long Walk," and refused to surrender territory 
acquired by that fraud. George Thomas, then Governor 
of the Province of Pennsylvania, conspired with the Iro- 
quois to evict the Delawares. All the chiefs assembled in 
Philadelphia for a council, and the great Iroquois chief. 
Canassatego, addressed the Delawares in these words: 
"We made women of you; you know you are women, 
and can no more sell land than- women." And he seized 
the Lenape head chieftain by his long hair and pushed 
him out of the council room. 
The lands were vacated — all situated in Pennsylvania. 
Those lands east of the river the Iroquois "had no voice 
over." 
In 1756 Sir William Johnson formally "took off the pet- 
ticoat" from the Lenape, and "handed them the war-belt." 
In 1778 the Lenape chief Koquethagachton, or "White 
Eyes," was told by the Senecas (Fort Pitt Council) that 
the petticoats were yet on his people. He denied it, and 
sent a war party against the Senecas the next year. And 
in 1794 the Delawares compelled the Iroquois to officially 
declare (Treaty of Greenville) that the Lenape were no 
longer women, but men. 
* iK 4: 4! 
It is difficult not to speak of how hallowed in memory 
the Delaware River has become to sportsmen who have 
long watched, studied and loved it. But very likely much 
more has already been written here than can serve as a 
stimulus to visit its valley. In conclusion, here's a health 
to all true sportsmen! They are out upon a thousand 
hills, storing up courage, finding new energy and hope 
along the banks of myriads of lakes and streams, and are 
wandering, happy and free, through many a wood and 
meadow. More and more they realize the vital truth in 
the familiar saying: "God made the country; man made 
the town." And that nation which would be more noble 
and free should not only encourage sport, but "should en- 
deavor to maintain as large a number of persons as possi- 
ble by rural and maritime labor." 
The river will be visited again next summer. Mean- 
while, here are the prized collections of pressed wild flow- 
ers and water algse, and photographs of marvelous, many- 
colored scenes in that valley. As the spiral sea-shell whis- 
pers of its mother ocean, the charm of the pictures brings 
back their realities, and bathes them in the moonlight of 
fond remembrance; and we again look at them with the 
vision of recollection — fair, full of grace and loveliness, 
perennial in vital beauty. L. F. Brown. 
Freaks from the Ocean. 
DELAWARE RIVER — HILLS AND FOLIAGE. 
jaw-crackers. Think of the absurdity as a solemn Dela- 
ware "brave," smitten by the charms of his dusky sweet- 
heart, and swayed by that feding that speaks all 
languages, says to her: "Ni ahoaltowagan kiluwa," or 
"I love you !" Or suppose he told her he was lovesick 
and wanted to marry her. Glance at the words given 
above for sickness and marriage, and imagine the result! 
Take a single example of the corruption and change in 
their language. They called William Penn "Onas." They 
were shown a quill pen, and told that was the name of 
Penn. Their word for pen, or tail-feather, was wonach, 
which they corrupted into onas. 
No local village "legend," and no colonial history are 
given here; one is unreliable, the second is well known. 
They did not know of a devil until the whites came. 
Their idol was a human head, cut small in wood, to carry 
on the person, or life-size, mounted or carved on a post. 
It was called wsinkhoalican. These idols have also been 
found carved in stone. 
They had dream interpreters, or powwows, who had 
the power of dreaming truthfully as to both past and 
future, especially when they offered sacrifices, which were 
supposed to be carried away by a large serpent. Their 
soothsayers made drawings on skins of deers, showing 
the journey of the soul along the pathway to heaven, and 
symbols of the twelve emetics and purges that would 
cleanse of sin. Two of these prophets were found by 
Zeisberger, and were called in their tribes Papunhank and 
Wangomen. Their fire festivals, dances, marriage and 
death rites, and ordeals for bravery and power to bear 
torture, are also described by Zeisberger. 
Among their chiefs named in the Red Score, published 
by Brinton, were White Crab, Cranberry Eater, Watcher, 
North Walker, Slow Gatherer, Over There, Saluted, Man 
Who Fails, and Coming as a Friend. 
They believed that all things came from a tortoise. It 
brought forth the world. From the middle of its back 
had sprung a tree upon whose branches men had grown. 
Their principal god was Kickeron, the original of all, who 
not only produced or made all things, but produces every 
day. The word "kik" meant light, life, action, energy. 
And they thought that the whole earth and its waters 
were supported by a huge turtle, whose movements 
caused earthquakes. Their medicine men, who professed 
to have personal relations with this turtle, made their 
medicine-rattle of a turtle shell; and when they died a like 
shell was suspended from their grave-posts. 
The date of their entry and occupation of the Delaware 
Valley was about 1387. This corresponds with the state- 
ments of the Shuwan manuscript. They came from the 
west, found the Mengwe (Iroquois), and both tribes 
joined to expel the Alligewi (Shuwan). In 1767 Rev. 
Qiarles Beatty was told in an Ohio Indian settlement by 
a white man who had been their captive, that certain old 
Pflaware chieftains stated to fijm that, of old, their people 
l6og). Allowing say twenty years as the average reign 
of a chieftain, would carry the date of the arrival of 
the Delawares 220 years back from 1609, or 1389. The 
bead record makes the date of the Delaware invasion 
1387. 
Each family lived in a wattled hut, with rounded top, 
thatched with mats made of stalks of sweet-flag or Indian 
corn. These huts were built in groups inside palisades, 
and often with a natural mound or hill in the center, 
where a lookout was maintained in times of danger to the 
village. They made pots, and used vegetable dyes and 
paints. 
Nothing can be better verified than that the Iroquois 
Indians outwitted, fought and decimated them, and helped 
to deprive them of their lands. By cunning and intrigue 
they succeeded in having many of the best Delaware 
young men don the skirts of women and call themselves 
women. The tribe was widely known as the ochqueu 
(woman) for seventy-five years. Here is the account 
given by Loskiel, Heckewelder and Zeisberger: 
The Iroquois sent messengers to the Delawares, with 
belts of wampum, and the following speech : 
"It is not well that all nations should be at war, for 
that will finally bring about the destruction of the In- 
dians. We have thought of a means to prevent this be- 
fore it is too late. Let one nation be the woman. We 
will place her in the middle, and the war nations shall be 
the man, and dwell around the woman. No one shall 
harm the woman, and if one does, we shall speak to him 
and say, 'Why strikest thou the woman?' Then all the 
men shall attack him who has struck the woman. The 
woman shall not go to war, but shall do her best to keep 
the peace. When the men around her fight one another, 
and the strife waxes hot, the woman shall have the power 
to say: 'Ye men, what do ye that ye thus strike one 
another? Remember your wives and children must perish 
if ye do not -cease. Will ye perish from the face of the 
earth?' Then the men shall listen to the woman, and 
obey her." 
This was a wily message worthy of the present Musco- 
vite diplomatists who are resolved to secure China for 
Russia alone. 
The Delawares accepted. The Iroquois "made a great 
feast," and invited the Delawares. There they declared 
the Delawares to be women, and that the Delaware In- 
dian Nation was a woman. They assembled their chiefs 
and best warriors, and made this speech to them : 
"We place upon you the long gown of a woman, and 
adorn you with earrings. We hang on your arm a cala- 
bash of oil and medicine. With the oil you shall cleanse 
the ears of other nations, that they listen to good and not 
tc evil. The medicine you shall use for those natiofis 
who have been foolish, that they may return to their 
senses and turn their hearts to peace. We give herewith, 
unto your hands, a corn-pestle an^ a lioe," 
Some Queer Fish in the Caslle Garden Aquariam. 
New Yorkers do not realize that the aquarium in the 
old Castle Garden is already the greatest of its kind in the 
world, although it was not established until 1896. The 
old aquarium at Naples, Italy, and those at Brighton and 
Plymouth, Berlin, Hamburg, Amsterdam and Paris are 
all smaller than the one in New York, and their pur- 
pose is more for biological study than as places for free 
popular entertainment. 
No other aquarium owns such a cosmopolitan collection 
of fish as that of New York. More than 2,000 specimens, 
representing over 200 different species, give a faint idea 
of the vast and varied life of the sea, of which, relatively, 
we know so little. From the Gulf of St Lawrence to the 
Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies, from the Great 
Lakes to the Mississippi, all waters have been laid under 
contribution, and collectors are constantly searching for 
new and interesting varieties. 
On the seaward side of the building are found the tropi- 
cal fishes whose marvelously rich coloring and odd shapes 
attract the wondering gaze of every one. In their native 
waters their colors and shapes harmonize with the sur- 
roundings. Under the clear waters of Bermuda the sun 
shines down upon mystic gardens of the sea. There grow 
the purple sea ferns and the yellow sea rods, variegated 
here and there by masses of green and scarlet sea weeds. 
In the midst of this feast of color these tropical beauties 
have their home and are a part of this fairy land. Be- 
sides the novelty of form and brilliancy of coloring, an- 
other feature, that of rapid and wide change of color, 
adds to the charm. Stand in front of the groupers a few 
moments and study one individual. He will probably 
change from a plain even tempered gray to bands of black 
and white; the blue parrots make similar changes, and 
the yellowtails change so completely and so suddenly as 
te look like totally different fishes. 
The angel fishes are perhaps the most noticeable. An 
angel fish ought to be angelic, but the leading one in the 
Aquarium down at the Battery is quite the reverse. He 
is a vicious creature, who has killed two wives. He is an 
innocent seeming sinner and beautiful withal. He is blue 
and gold, amber, olive and silver; but it is chiefly the 
tones of his blues that are the admiration of all who see 
him. 
There are eight or ten better tempered but plain looking 
cousins of his who live and let live in one of the big wall 
tanks down stairs. But this gay-colored wife-killer has 
a watery mansion all to himself in the gallery, because 
nobody can exist with him. His calm, slant eyes betray 
none of his temper, but one who knows him well says, that 
it was pure ugliness that made him pitch into the two 
succeeding partners of his sorrows ; he never had any 
joys. He would cut at the poor things with his fins, and, 
once badly hurt, a fish can't get well. There is no 
ministering to a wound in a fish. There is no plaster for 
the stab of an angel fish. This one has been in his present 
quarters for several years, and they wish to see how long 
they can keep him. If they put him with the big lady 
fish, who are just as belligerent and masterful and eager 
to be boss as he, it might go hard with him. 
Probably the_ angel fish has a secret woe, which might 
Explain his irritation. No doubt he is mad with home- 
sickness for Bermuda. Month after month and year after 
year he lives beneath a dull gray roof in clean enough 
"VYater, for the housekeeping at the Aquarium V!nf|er th? 
