114 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
{AvG. 8, 1903. 
The Canada's Cup Defender. 
Toronto, July 30. — ^The first of the series of races 
for a cup in connection with the tuning up of the Can- 
ada's cup defender was not highly successful, in spite 
of a good showing of contestants. Strathcona partici- 
pates in the trials, but is not eligible for the cup. It 
is reserved for the boat which makes the best average 
showing compared with hers. The object is to induce 
members of the Royal Canadian Y. C. to race the 
larger yachts and give the cup defender plenty of train- 
ing. 
The fleet that raced on Friday consisted of Strath- 
cona, sailed by Commodore Jarvis; Merrythought, sail- 
ed by J. Wilton Morse; Yama, sailed by Mr. Pearson; 
Canada, sailed by C. A. B. Brown; Clorita, schooner, 
sailed by Geo. H, Gooderham, Jr., and Beaver, jib and 
mainsail sloop, sailed by Dr. A. H. Garrett. The first 
name dcontestants are cutters. Beaver was the cup de- 
fender in 1899. 
The fleet got over the line in a bunch and started for 
the sail around the island in a light southwesterly 
breeze. Steering out the Western Gap, Strathcona's 
performance in the faint air was marvellous. Starting 
third, she edged ahead, and was in the lead before she 
had gone half a mile. And she was never caught. 
Even Merrythought, fresh from the dry dock, and with 
a cloud of canvas, could not hold her on any point. 
Out in the lake the wind was light, bafifling and fickle, 
often fair at the m.asthead and dead ahead on deck. 
Florita and Beaver towed in before completing half 
the course. Strathcona and Yama towed in one hour 
later, when near the Eastern Gap. But Merrythought 
and Canada fought it out grimly, although it took half 
the night to do it. The course around the island is 
announced to be seven and three-quarters nautical 
miles. Merrythought took six hours and a half to 
cover it and Canada eight. As the course is often sail- 
ed in an hour or less, the weight of the breeze may 
easily be discerned. Strathcona led Merrythought by 
a quarter of a mile and the others by half a mile or 
more when she accepted a tow. 
Somewhat to the disappointment of the yachtsmen 
who went supperless to finish the race, the first contest 
was ruled out because it was not completed by sun- 
down, and Tuesday, July 28, was fixed for the next 
race. 
Meantime, Strathcona and Merrythought had two 
more races on Saturday, July 25. There was a fairly 
fresh west wind blowing when they started on the first 
one, taking the leeward channel. Strathcona just had 
room to squeeze in betv/een the buoy and Merry- 
thought's weather quarter, and the two raced to the 
Eastern Gap side by side. Going out the piers, Strath- 
cona led, and in the beat along the island shore she 
worked out a lead of nearly a quarter of a mile. She 
sped over the line Avith a comfortable margin, but not 
as much as she had had in the lake. The wind had de- 
creased to half its strength, and Merrythought, after 
sailing nearly the whole course under a working top- 
sail, swung a clubtopsail near the finish. Strathcona 
carried her clubtopsail throughout. The time of the 
first race was: 
Start. Finish. 
Strathcona 2 48 30 3 55 07 
Merrythought 2 48 30 3 56 52 
After ten minutes' wait the yachts started on a sec- 
ond race, crossing the line as one boat, with Strathcona 
again to windward. The breeze again piped up, rising 
steadily to twelve miles an hour again, and it was the 
same old story. Strathcona held Merrythought to the 
Gap, then passed her and ran away from her in the beat 
to windward. Entering the Western Gap she had over 
half a mile of a lead, and despite the fact that she made 
what appeared to be merely a practice gybe on the run 
down and then gybed back again, she fully held her own 
from the Western Gap to the finish. As soon as she 
crossed the line she set her spinnaker, doing it very 
smartly, and stood on down the bay for practice in sail 
handling before going to her moorings. The time jn 
the second race was: 
Start. Finish. 
Strathcona 4 05 00 5 17 35 
Merrythought 4 05 00 5 22 34 
On Monday Strathcona went on the drydock. As 
already noted, her bottom needs all the polishing pos- 
sible. She received a coat of tar preparation below the 
water line, and her aluminum wash-streak disappeared 
tinder a broad belt of black enamel, coming up four 
inches beyond the upper edge of the aluminum paint. 
Her sheer ribbon was painted black and on either bow 
was painted a maple leaf wreath and the crest of the 
Royal Canadian Yacht Club, in full heraldic colors. 
The defender's underbody shone like patent leather as 
she stood on the ways, and when she floated again she 
looked twice as racy. Her high freeboard and white 
topsides had made her look bulky. 
The race for the special cup on Tuesday was sailed 
in a good east breeze that had raised a big sea in the 
lake, Strathcona led over the line, with the rest of 
the fleet close on her heels, and stood up the bay with 
her mainsail to port. The others carried theirs to star- 
board. Spinnaker carrying is against the rules in the 
harbor. Strathcona went out of her way a trifle, and 
had to gybe over at the Western Gap. She was third 
going out, but rapidly blanketed Canada and shot after 
Merrythought, the leader. The schooner Clorita, tear- 
ing along like a steamboat under the influence of an 
enormous jibtopsail, worked up into third place, pass- 
ing both Canada and Yama. When the sheets were 
flattened down for the beat down the island shore 
Strathcona shot ahead and overhauled Merrythought 
on the second tack. From that on she was the leader. 
Nor was it only in the windward work that she showed 
her superiority. In the broad reach from the Eastern 
Gap to the finish at the Royal Canadian Yacht Club 
she gained a little. Timed when entering the piers she 
was one minute and five seconds ahead of Merry- 
thought. At the finish she was leading by one minute 
and eleven seconds. Her performance was the more 
creditable because she sailed under a wretched working 
topsail, with a horizontal leach, while the others swung 
clubtopgails. The time was; 
Corrected. 
Start. Finish. Elapsed. 
Strathcona 4 16 00 5 16 40 1 00 40 
Merrythought 4 16 07 5 17 51 1 01 51 
Canada 4 16 13 5 19 35 1 01 29 
Yama 4 16 45 5 23 04 1 04 58 
Clorita 4 17 00 5 18 38 1 01 43 
Beaver 4 17 25 5 24 22 1 06 16 
Merrythought is the scratch boat in these races. She 
allows Clorita 55. i8 seconds and Canada and Yama 2 
minutes and 6.17 seconds. Beaver's time allowance 
was not worked out for this race, but she was put on 
the same footing as Canada and Yama. Clorita allows 
Canada and Yama i minute atid 10.99 seconds. Re- 
vised time gives Canada first place, Clorita second and 
Merrythought third. 
In the race on Wednesday, July 29, Strathcona led 
the fleet by very nearly a mile, although spinnaker 
carrying in part accounted for it. In order to get his 
crew perfect. Skipper Jarvis set his big sail three times, 
and although he did not allow it to draw for more than 
a minute at once, it pulled the boat along. This, how- 
ever, scarcely more than compensated for the fact that 
he went very much out of his way to carry the sail. 
The fleet was out again with the exception of little 
Beaver, and the five crossed the line within fifteen sec- 
onds of gunfire. Strathcona steered a course at least 
three points different from the others in order to prac- 
tice spinnaker setting, and had to gybe over and make 
two broad reaches, or a run and a reach, of what was 
a run with the wind dead astern. Nevertheless, she led 
out of the Eastern Gap. After that there was no hold- 
ing her, and she romped away from the others at the 
rate of a minute every mile. Merrythought also work- 
ed out a lead that kept her time allowance safe, but she 
was well astern of the cup defender. The time was: 
Finish. Corrected. 
Strathcona 5 24 12 1 09 12 
Merrythought.. 5 3110 116 10 
Clorita 5 34 15 1 18 20 
Yama 5 38 02 1 20 56 
Canada 5 39 15 1 22 09 
Mr. George Ratsey, of New York, a nephew of the 
famous Thomas Ratsey, the English sailmaker, whose 
firm supplied Strathcona's canvas, sailed in the cup de- 
fender in this race. Chas. H. Snider. 
Seawanhaka Cup. 
This trophy has been held for so many seasons by the 
Royal St. Lawrence Y. C. that its defense has become 
a regular annual event. In many ways one year is very 
much like another, the same class of boats being used, 
and the whole defense fleet looking very much alike to an 
ordinary observer. While one or two new boats are built 
each year, the general type has been preserved, and while 
there is a sentiment in favor of picking a new boat for 
the work, it is well known that there are several available, 
even two or three years old, which would at least make a 
creditable showing. 
On the other side each season shows a new challeng- 
ing clul), a new crew, and an unknown boat. The scow 
type of the small western lakes has been a favorite with 
challengers, but this year the chosen boat, Kolutoo, is 
closer to the normal Duggan type than to any other. 
There is nothing freakish about her except the scoop- 
sbaped counter, a weight saving feature which docs away 
with the usual transom and at the same time gives a 
strong fonn. Of course it looks like a standing invitation 
for a following sea to come aboard, but this is a trifle, 
and one cannot help thinking what a convenient arrange- 
ment it would be on a larger craft for hauling the dinghy 
on deck. 
Kolutoo has already been fully described in Forest and 
Stream, but for purposes of comparison it may be noted 
that she is rather less powerful than the general run of 
Duggan boats, and is admittedly at her best in light to 
moderate weather. She carries a single centerboard and 
the hull is covered with canvas well black leaded, which 
gives a good surface. 
The defender, Thorella IL, the property of Mr. AV. C. 
Finley, is another step in the development of the Duggan 
type, but her design is this year wholly from the hands 
of Mr. F. P. Shearwood, for many years the lieutenant 
of Mr. Duggan, and now his successor. The boat is 
really an improved Trident, carrying two bilgeboards and 
no centerboard, and two rudders, one through each quar- 
ter, controlled by a single tiller. These rudders look ab- 
surdly small, but owing to the effective position of the 
lee one when the boat is heeled, they appear to be suffi- 
cient. Similarly each of the two bilgeboards has but 
forty per cent, of the area of such a centerboard as would 
be necessary, and yet, in the matter of holding on, 
Thorella is conspicuously successful. 
On Wednesday, July 29, the judges began the .worlc of 
measuring, the official figures being as follows: 
Kolutoo. Thorella. 
Gaff 14ft. 6 in. 13ft. 7^in. 
Boom'" ....25ft. 3y2in. 24ft. 3 in. 
Hrist 14ft. 5 in. 16ft. 7^in. 
Leach 31ft. 1 in. 32ft. 4y2in. 
Area mainsail 381sq.ft. 397s(i,ft. 
Area fore triangle 
Total 492sq.ft. 497sq.ft. 
Both boats are designed to carry the limit of 500 square 
feet of working sail. They also fit the 25ft. class under 
llie length and sail area rule. Spinnakers are allowed not 
exceeding twice the area of the fore triangle. 
The crew of the challenger consisted of R. D. Board- 
man, helmsman; F. Henry Higginson, owner; Frank 
Burgess and J. S. Lovering; total weight, 650 pounds, 
this being the limit allowed. They were originally over 
and for a week restricted themselves to Lenten fare, 
with plenty of exercise. The crew of the defender was 
lighter, weighing only 629 pounds, and included Chas. 
Routh, helmsman; W. C. Finley, owner; Angus Mc- 
Donald and H. A. Gordon. 
With the challenging party from the Manchester Y. C. 
were Messrs. Burgess and Packard, the designers of the 
boat. The judges were J. L. Brewer, selected by the 
Manchester Club, and W. Q. Phillips by the Royal St. 
Lawrence Club. Mr. Owain Martin, who filled the office 
with acceptance to all parties last year, again acted as 
third judge. 
First Race, July 30. 
The crew of Kolutoo won the toss and elected to sail 
the first race over a triangular course. The morning was 
wretcliedly wet, a continuation of a fortnight's unsettled 
weather, but by noon it began to clear, and at two o'clock 
the weather was perfect, the wind being down the lake 
moderate to fresh, with occasional gusts, but not squally. 
All buoys to starboard gave a beat to windward to the 
first mark, then a couple of broad reaches home. Kolu- 
too carried a single reef, but Thorella lugged full sail 
without difficulty. A start was made at 1:55 P. M., the 
boats doing some pretty jockeying, hanging on the line 
for a few seconds before the starting signal, and then go- 
ing over together without any loss of time, both on st;ir- 
board tack, Kolutoo havitig the weather berth. This 
ought to have made 3 fine race to the first mark, but to 
the surprise of even her v/armest admirers, Thorella 
sailed through the lee of her opponent, both quickly and 
cleanly, and in a few minutes had established such a de- 
cisive lead that spectators could hardly believe their eyes. 
It was simply a matter of footing and holding on, the first 
being accounted for by the carrying of full canvas while- 
Kolutoo was reefedi The race having thus become a 
procession, the following times of the first round are in- 
teresting : 
1st mark. 2d mark. 3d mark. 
Thorella 2 16 09 2 24 26 2 31 00 
Kolutoo 2 20 31 2 28 30 2 35 31 
It will be seen that after losing heavily on the wind- 
ward work, Kolutoo gained a trifle on the second leg, but 
lost again on the third. The elapsed times for the runs 
are worth noticing. Each leg was i 1-3 nautical miles, 
giving a speed of about 10 knots for both boats. From 
official reports the wind varied from 15 to 20 land miles 
per hour, hut this reading was from an anemometer on 
top of a lighthouse on the lake below the course. On the 
surface of the water it was probably less. 
The second round again showed a gain for Thorella on 
the windward work, the following times being taken: 
1st mark. 2d mark. 3d mark. 
Thorella 2 52 00 2 59 32 3 06 45 
Kolutoo 3 02 12 
This ended the work of Kolutoo for the day, her rud- 
der breaking and she withdrew. Thorella finished alone 
at 3:44:20. 
Second Race, July 3t, 
This was sailed to windward and return over a two- 
mile course, three rounds making 12 miles. The weather 
v/as by no means settled. There h.".d been a strong wind 
down the lake all night, raising considerable sea, and it 
held throughout the day, blowing 20 miles an hour at 
times. A start was made at 2 P. M., Thorella turning 
in one reef and Kolutoo two, and it ma}' as ^"^-11 be said 
at once that their relative performances were about in 
proportion to the canvas carried. Mr. Starling Burgess, 
the designer, sailed on Kolutoo in place of his cousin, 
Frank Burgess, and, in common with the crew, did some 
daring and persistent hiking — all to no purpose. The 
boat simply refused to stand up, and there is no disguis- 
ing the fact that she is seriously deficient in stability in 
anything more than light to moderate breezes. She lost 
steadily, and the following times tell the whole story: 
1st round. 2d round. Finish. 
Thortlla 2 38 35 3 15 10 3 50 17 
Kolutoo 2 43 48 3 28 00 4 09 53 
Third Race, Aug. I, 
The morning was clear and fair, with a light wind and 
smootli water. Everyone hoped it would last, in order 
that a race might take place under more favorable condi- 
tions for Kolutoo. It freshened, however, coming out of 
the northwest, so the boats were sent away at 2:10, all 
buoys to port, giving windward work on the first leg 
of the triangular course. A close and pretty start was 
made, and then the usual thing happened. Thorella, with 
one reef tied down, simply sailed away from Kolutoo with 
two reefs, and all hope of a close race vanished. The 
wind lightened a little, both boats soon showing whole 
mainsails, but even then there was no catching Thorella 
on the windward work, and before the race was half over 
a mile of water separated the boats, so that all semblance 
of racing vanished. The times were as follows, start 
2:10: 
, 1st rotind. 2d round. Finish. 
Thorella 2 49 30 3 27 15 4 06 30 
Kolutoo 2 55 55 3 38 12 4 18 55 
It is pleasant to be able to say, in conclusion, that the 
Kolutoo men were all that could be desired, both as 
yachtsmen and gentlemen — clever sailors, Corinthians 
above suspicion, and able to take a defeat smilingly. It is 
a great pity that their energies were wasted on so un- 
suitable a boat. Nothing but an all-roimd boat is worth 
bringing to Lake St. Louis, where 15 or 20 mile breezes 
are as likely to occur as anything lighter. Of course, 
three days of such weather may be set down as unusual, 
but it is safe to figure on a fair proportion in any series 
of races. It may be pointed out that with sail limited to 
500 square feet on an allowable water-line of over 27 feet, 
there is no difficulty in producing a stiff boat, and yet for 
several years every challenger has been under rather than 
over in the matter of stability. What is wanted is a craft 
that heels easily down to her deck, but that will stick 
there and carry her sail effectively in a is-mile breeze. 
It is only fair to say that Thorella IL is no common- 
place boat, but a remarkable performer to windward and 
a credit to Mr. Shearwood, her designer. This modest 
voung man has for years shared the work and anxiety 
with Mr. Duggan, and it is especially gratifying that this, 
his first venture alone, has proved so successful. Mr. 
Duggan is now permanently located at Sydney, C. B., and 
quite out of the racing on Lake St. Louis. He was not 
present during these ctip races, but advantage was taken 
of his visiting Montreal a few" days before to present both 
him and Mr. Shearwood with silver tea services, suitably 
inscribed. William Q. Phillip.s. 
Mr. Stanley M. Seaman has made! the following 
transfers through his agency: The steam yacht Re- 
poso, sold by the Herreshoff Mfg. Co. to Mrs. Robert 
C. Black, Pelham Manor, N, Y.; the auxiliary yawl 
Kathleen, sold by Mr. J. K, Hutchins, New Rochelle, 
N. Y., to Mr. J. J. Kenny, Toronto, Canada; the 
Knockabout Scooter, sold by Mr. Laurence H. Wilbur, 
Philadelphia, Pa., to Mr. A. D. O'Neil, New York 
City; the schooner yacht Rosina has been chartered to 
Mr. A. P, Wetherili, Philadelphia. P^. 
