Aug. 2p, 1903.1 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
foftii and a fflost agfeeable vocalist wtien not eatefvvaul- 
iiig) but his appetite for choice cattivated berries is in- 
sistfiiit atid eoritiniioug. A paif of two about a farm- 
houSe may Well be tolfifatcdj but their indefinite increase 
k to be deplored. The bfoWn thfush is a delightful 
Songster and an inveterate berry eater. He domes to the 
Prdfh iatly and stays late, while bis capacity for appfo- 
t)f'iatiHg thg iingst ft'uitS altriost passes cprrtpfehensioll. 
l§j hoWeVer; wary in nesting habits, and is not likely 
to increase With undue rapidity like ih% robinS and Cat- 
birds. 
The species thus far enumerated all consume insefJts 
when fruit is not to be had, and are especially active 
when feeding their young. In moderate numbers thej' 
will be tolerated in the future as in the past, but if the 
first two increase at the present rate they will put an end 
to fruit growing in many places. The golden-winged 
woodpecker or highholder — the "flicker" of Pennsylvania 
woodlands — seems to be an exception in resisting the 
modifying influences of civilization. These large and 
handsome v/oodpeckers were formerly much hunted for 
food, as the flesh of the young is of tolerable quality, but 
since the enforcement of protective bird laws they have 
become mofe numerous and confiding, They are* fond of 
fi-uits; especially cherries, and will make an astdriisbing 
Uumbef of visits daily to favorite trees when in ffuitj 
b,dt do hbt fbi-get tiieif appetite fof insects at the same 
time, as they may be constantly s^m oil the gfdund dig- 
ging out gfubs Avith a few .strokes of tlieit- sturdy bilfsi 
from the tgUgliest sod of baked hafdpan by the foad- 
sideSj as well as hammering but borers from the decaying 
liiiik 5f \mk the fobirij oft the other hand, camps 
right Diil in Vouf bcfry patCh and sta^§ ^3 Ibfig a§ the 
ffuit la§t§. when he goes there is little left fof the 
gfoweK 
the fiufal. Mew Ybfkef Would like definite irifofm^- 
tlbh a.S to \Vhether birds are generally mofe destrujitive 
(b ffuitS this season than befbre, MuSh Has been printt:4 
ill fol-mEr ygaf§ .atioiit this ffeally inipprtant mattet^, and 
the concensus of opinion Seemed to bp that , certain of 
our native birds were learning new tricks of dJ?structiori, 
and were becoming serious pests of the fruit growef. 
Doubtless our statements will be criticised as a great 
outcry over the Joss of a few hundred quarts of berries, 
but if the Rural Ground^', expei^iente is , duplicated all 
bVfei' the tountfy or ^ven in a eonsidefabfe .riumb'Sr of 
places, it may show the necessity of demanding legida- 
tion that will enable a grower eflfectually to protect his 
crops. 
The Nest of the Lamprey Eel. 
MtJMfiEijs fdi the tjiiited States I'^ish Sdnimlssiofi. 
Wti/ Hitifeh iiitt-rfest^a Elf jbrtseht iH.thJ? twd eritirely 
n#,ar|d guiJlOus (feygfejiiilgill^ Of ieklii'tilHgieai Hffe 
which haVfe bfeeii i^uitb receiitly brbught ,to their at- 
t^ntidii. Sfevferal days ago thfe .dipcial in chargfe of the 
feavgrilHlfelit Mi Udikhm hfliidfcH iii hJs, ttpi^rt fdt thfe 
muiith of M^l^^ td Mi-..titcohlb, thfe official ^^^.h'6 .Htt^Jidg 
id the aistributioii of iish dbdut over the United States, 
aHd niust be kijpt posted as to thk progrfcss df work at 
Ihe hfitnhferifes. Th reading civet' this report, Mr. Tit- 
wp m '^\xm mtu ,tk fHiioWiiia that hK had 
'tiOipigs of it t^pewritlfen and seiit to other rneirlbefs fcff 
Ih'e 'commission, as well as to leading ichthyologists 
throughout the country. In the following extract from 
the report mentioned, the chief of the Government fish 
hatchery describes, for the first time, the manner in 
; which the lamprey eel builds and protects its nest, all 
jpf which he observed himself. He says: 
"On May tg, a. pair (^f lariiprey efils were seen spawn- 
inf it\ HUhfeii- swift Wai:er audVe the fack. the largef 
Dl ,ln^ p^lir, supposed to be a male, was probably 18 
hiches long, the smaller about 14 inches. Another 
small male was seen hovering around the nest. Tlie 
nest was cleaned of sediment and gravel by fanning 
with their tails, at_ the same time holding- themselves 
i'l place by fastening- bii. W larger f^eks with their 
ker^i Wheh they .eiieoutitSred sidhes t66 liirMe tO 
iiti feiiio.ved by farining, they wduld fasten to therf-i 
With their subkerS and pull them down streani but df 
ihfe Waj?; If tht? stHilM Wa? tMQ larfffe for dne, they wduld 
bbth takg hdid df itj arid By ijuiiiri^ togetuGr they would 
fihibVe i.t. At.one time.thfe^ ericduritered i Stone that 
W^Ls tdd larfe fdr thS pair, when the smaller niale, that 
Wis iditfering arourid thfe. hest, canie td their assistance, 
&iid the three rembved it. lil pulling the stones they 
yvorked together, and never made the mistake of pull- 
ing in opposite directions. If the stones were not 
large they would frequently push them across the cur- 
rent and out of the way. I saw them remove stones as 
large as the bowl of a pint dipper, and that must have 
weighed over two pounds. After the nest was com- 
pleted the female proceeded to deposit her eggs, and, 
after spawning, the eggs were covered by fanning fine 
silt and sand over them, the same as when cleaning the 
nest. The eggs were so small they could not be seen 
with the, naked eye." 
The other new development is equahy interesting. 
Until the present year, the fish commission never suc- 
ceeded in raising larook, speckled, rainbow, Scotch and 
Btcel-head trout, landlocked, British and Atlantic sal- 
mon in the ^lass display tanks of the museum and 
aquarium, which occupies the entire first floor of the 
commission building. These fine food fishes, accus- 
:omed to clear and cold waters, were unable to sur- 
/ive the Summers of this latitude, so that when warm 
veathef affived they cither died or were shipped back 
« the stations in New England, the great lakes, the 
Kocky Mountains, or the mountains of North Caro- 
fcna, and replaced with common bass, crappie, eels, 
▼English tench, golden ide. catfish, carp, buffalo fish, 
Id fish and other fish able to stand hot weather and 
u rn water. This summer, however, visitors to the 
commission's museum and aquarium have been aston- 
led over seeing aU these cold water fishes in the 
y p}«k of condition, and have wondered how the 
inmjsstoii jji^nagcd to thue keep fish that can only 
e jn coM watei- enough to give one swimmnig ui it 
tant c^knp.s. , . ,. , , 1 
The ni'.?awei- n\ which this was accomplished, how- 
\ er. wa^s simple enough. Last winter the commission 
1 stalled ^ iqe plant in the basen;ient of. their l?wild- 
and constructed a reservoir in the yard back of the 
building. A series of pipes, connecting the reservoir, 
ice_ plant, and display tanks were then installed, so that 
It is flow possible to pump the water from the reser- 
voir into the ice plant, cool it down to a temperature 
of so degrees, and pipe it into the display tanks con- 
taining the trout and salmon. If this water were al- 
lowed to remain in the display tanks for so much, even, 
as So minutes, it would turn warm, and to maintain it 
at the temperature above mentioned, it is led off imme- 
diately through a system of pipes back to the reservoir. 
Thus the same Water is used over and over, continu- 
ously. Of course, the different species of salmon and 
trout come from widely separated sections, and some 
are used tO colder waters than others, but It is im- 
possible for the coftinilssion to prepare the water at 
dififerent temperatures for each^ and so 50 degrees has 
been adopted as coming nearer to suiting all species 
than any other temperature. The effect is at once 
noticeable in the condition of the fish, the brook 
trout, indigenous to New England, where the tempera- 
ture_ of the brook waters is rarely above 50 degrees, 
are in fine condition. The rainbow trout, which thrive 
best in the mountains of Tennessee, North Carolina, 
Kentucky, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, are also 
lookillg well, although the water is a trifle too cool 
for them, while the Atlantic and landlocked salmon 
arid Scotch trout, accustomed to the cold waters of 
Maiiie, New Brunswick, Labrador and Scotlond, are 
not dolttg so well. 
One Of the new. and attractive varieties of trout ig 
the steel-head variety, frOifl the north Pacific coast. 
This fish has been introduced by the commission into 
Lake Superior and Lake Michigan, where they have 
multiplied 4ri astounding rate, and reach art enor- 
mous size. — Washington Post. 
Proprietors of shooting resorts will find it profitable to advertise 
them in Forest and Stream. 
Canadian Bkds, 
I-r is mbre than tfifee j^ars, since the first part of th€ 
catalogue of Canadian Birds, fey John Macoun, naturalist 
of the Geolbgical Survey of Canada, -Wis fifinted. Part 
II. has just been issued, and its preface bears datfi April 
22, 1903. It includes the birds, pf prey, woodpeckers, fly- 
catchers, crows, jays, and blaclcbifds. The volume is one 
of about 200 pages, and enumerates alrriost 200 species 
of birdsj besides a great many sub-specific of l-'arjetal 
forms ; for txivH^h; six forms of shore lark, four of red- 
winged blackbird, and four' Gf Canada jay were observed. 
The work is what it purports to" a .catalogue of 
Canadian birds. But it is more than that, being very fully 
annotated and containing a vast amount of interesting 
^*3i-'mat!onj gathered not only by the naturalists attached to 
th.e Geblpgi^al . Stlfvey, but by other observers as well. 
The catalogue includes the biff's English and its scientific 
iiamfe', ^nd the d^te when the latter was g:l-ven; a few lines 
as id llii.j distribution of the species, quoting auf hof ities 
a more or less full at'eou'M of its breeding habits, and 
finally a list of the museum spefc'imens^ published by the 
Sutvey., The plan of the catalogue is thus' excellent, and 
it contairi.s a -^jevf great deal of information in an astcnisH- 
uigly compact form. Pfdf; Macoun and his assistant, Mr. 
Spreadborough, as well as Mr. j. M;- Macoun, naturalist 
to .the Boundary Commission, deserve gfeat credit for 
Itifcii' ihduStry 
There is Stroflg temptation to quote freely from this 
interesting book, for on altfidSf every page there is a bit 
of natural history that is worth refeffiilg. to, ^ We may 
at least speak of the occurrence of the California vulture 
in British Columbia, of the black vulture near Quebec, attd 
of the silver-tailed flycatcher as far north as Manitoba, 
and even York Factory on Hudson Bay. If none of these 
occurrences ai'e nefe ariiloun*?ed^ for the first time, they 
nevertheless remain extremely intefestlng. Every bird 
lover should have this catalogue. 
The Happy Httntmg Gtotinds* 
liiUM Foi'dst ttnd Stream: 
111 ffint i^SuJ Of Aug. IS your intelhgeflt correspott- 
derit, A. II. GOura.ud, attributes to Mr. Hallock the 
suggestion that animals mfiy ettjoy an after life, and 
then proceeds to question the probability of such an 
hypothesis. 1 suppose this was inadvertence on his 
part, because the supposition is as old as the hills, and 
I siriipiy iiitroduced a comment upon the Scripture 
quotation (Ps. ^oS?) which reads: "Thou, oh Lord, 
shait save both man and beast." 
In this connection, won't the editor do me the kind- 
ness to reprint a paragraph from your issue of July 
25, which applies here? though with the main object 
to correct an unfortunate misprint in the text, where 
the word "inanimate" is substituted for the Avord in- 
carnate, making nonsense? I wrote: "Indian folk 
lore teaches that animals are not lower than man, but 
dift'erent in mental organism and caliber, as well as in 
physical structure, speaking a different language, and 
having dififerent viewpoints. The souls of their de- 
ceased ancestors are believed to be incarnate [not 
inanimate] in the animals they hunt, and they treat 
them always with profound respect; as the Siberians 
do their reindeer, never killing one without first apolo- 
gizing. Indians wear the symbols of bear, wolf, beaver 
as totems from infancy, * * * allotting to them a 
future place in the immortal life." 
If the very ancient belief in an after life for animals, 
which has obtained since before the flood, should come 
to naught, the poor Indian is doomed to disappoint- 
ment when he arrives at his hypothetical "Happy Hunt- 
ing Grounds." The like misfortune may befall us all? 
Charles Hallock. 
[We print Mr. Hallock's correction; but protest that 
we would contemplate with terror a speculative dis- 
cussion of immortality for the lower animals.] 
New Books Received. 
I'rehistoric Races of America and Other Lands, as Disclosed 
by Indian Traditions. By Rev. Dr. E. S. Curry, Christy, Mo. 
Published by the author. 
The Call of the Wild. By Jack London. The Macmillan Co., 
New York. , . „ , . . . , 
Birds in their Relations to Man. A manual of economic 
ornitholoey for the United States and Canada. By Clarence M. 
Weed and Ned Dearborn. J. B. Lippincott Co.^ Philadelphia. 
Fof Hunting License Laws, 
Seasons for game and fish, limitation of bag, export regulations, 
or any other law point of any State or Province, consult the cur- 
rent issue of Game Laws in Brief. See advertisement elsewhere. 
The Awakening of Virginia. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
The Legislature of Virginia, during its last session in 
effect re-enacted its game laws. This legislation is a 
great step forward, and will doubtless be highly com- 
mended by all those interested in preventing the use- 
less slaughter of game. The object of game protec- 
tion, primarily, is to preserve game from extinction, to 
increase the supply necessary for food and incidentally 
to provide sport with rod and gun. 
Virginia has desirable game fields; deer abound in 
her mountains, wild turkeys and partridges in her 
woods and fields, shore birds and wild fowl in her tide 
water, and there is plenty of sport for the fisherman. 
Rightly cared for, this should be a source of wealth to 
the State. 
Protection will increase the supply of game for the 
markets of the State, increase the number of men em- 
ployed in the care of game and otherwise by sports- 
men, entice non-residents to come within the State and 
expend their money in the employment of guides and 
the establishment of pre.^erves and the propagation of 
game. The influx of non-residents is to be encouraged, 
as their private expenditure is great and the cost to the 
State of protection can be greatly reduced by exacting 
a license fee from every such non-resident. In return 
the flon-resident should be treated liberally, and should 
be allowe'd to take his game with him provided it is 
for private use only, and under no circumstances for 
sale. The amount SO taken can be controlled by limit- 
ing the number of birds to be killed in a day or else 
limiting the number to be taken out of the State. 
Perhaps it Would be fairer to limit the number of 
birds to the gun for each day, and then allow the non- 
resident, who has paid a license fee, and perhaps, in 
addition, hsjs maintained a preserve at great expense, 
to carry with him his game, provided the same shall 
not be sold or offered for sale. 
Notwithstanding all natural advantages above alluded 
to, the game laws of Virginia have been heretofore 
extremely Jax, and the value these resources might be 
made to the State seems to have been largely over- 
looked until the last session of the Legislature, when a 
bill for the better protection of game was passed. 
' The principal features of the bill, briefly stated, are 
substantially as follows: It prohibits the shooting of 
wild fowl by night and the use of sneak boats and arti- 
ficial islands, but the law does not prohibit the use of 
battetie-S, and every sportsman knows that batteries 
will eventually drive out the game from any given 
locality. The law makes a close season for wild tur- 
keys, pheasants or grouse, quail or partridges, and 
woodcock east of the Blue Ridge Mountains, between 
Feb. I and Nov. i, and west of the Blue Ridge Moun- 
tains between Dec. 31 and Nov. t; makes a close season 
for deer from Jan. i to Oct. i, and a close season for 
wild water fowl from April i to Oct. 15 ; but allows 
the shooting of summer ducks after Aug. i. The close 
season for shore birds is from Jan. i to July 20, and 
the law permits the shooting of robins from the 15th 
day of February to April i. 
It is also unlawful to shoot any game later than half 
an hour after sunset or earlier than half an hour before 
sunrise, or to shoot or hunt on Sunday. 
The law also provides for the appointment of game 
wardens, but the number of these wardens is limited 
and there is no provision for their increase, nor for 
the appointment of an extra warden upon the petition 
of those wihing to pay the salary of a warden. A 
license fee of $10 is exacted from all non-residents, 
which license continues in force for six months. The 
money received for licenses is used to pay the game 
wardens. 
The exportation of game from the State is pro- 
hibited, except any citizen of the State may, during the 
open season, ship as a gift and not for market or sale, 
one deer and not exceeding three wild turkeys, six 
pheasants, twelve wild water fowl, eighteen partridges 
or quail, provided such game shall be shipped exposed 
to public view, and shall be plainly labeled with the 
name and address of the donor and of the donee. 
The law then provides, "Any person authorized to 
hunt under the laws of this State may, during the sea- 
son, take with him out of the State either m his per- 
sonal possession or as his baggage, on the same con- 
veyance whh him, not in a closed package, but exposed 
to public view, not exceeding thirty wild water fowl, 
fifty quail or partridges, ten pheasants or grouse, three 
wild turkeys, one deer, or plovers, snipe, sandpipers, 
willcts, tattlers or curlew, not exceeding twenty-five of 
each, or not exceeding one hundred m the aggregate, 
when lawfully kiUed or captured by himself, provided 
the same be plainly labeled or tagged with the name 
and address of such person." 
The law also protects wild birds other than game 
birds, their nests and eggs. 
The final clause of the bill reads as follows: Pro- 
vided that nothing in this act shall be construed as re- 
pealing a special act approved March 8, 1902, restrict- 
ing the shooting of wild water fowl in Black Bay and 
its tributaries in the county of Princess Anne." 
This exception was undoubtedly intended to preserve 
the rest days in that county, but unfortunately, the ex- 
ception is so liroad it practically leaves that county 
without any protection as to its wild fowl, as the Act 
of March 8, 1902, not only does not prohibit the use of 
batteries, but directly provides that nothing in the act 
shall be construed to prohibit the shooting of a duck 
known as a "peler" or "blue peter." and this nullifies 
the rest day, as these pelers are shot from sailbost5 
