Sept. 5, 1903.], 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
181 
worked themselves into such a frenzy, that they seized 
pieces of vegetables and handfuls of sawdust and flung 
them at me. They did not throw as a person would, 
but struck out more as a pugilist does. In this way 
they feebly throw such solid articles as vegetables from 
five to eight feet with considerable accuracy. 
These monkeys regarded everyone as an enemy and 
never became reconciled to anyone, not even their 
keeper, who was compelled to shut them in their sleep- 
ing dens whenever he entered their cage. For the 
head gardener they had a particularly strong dislike, 
and whenever they saw him, though he might be at a 
distance, their excitement rose and became more vio- 
lent as he drew near. 
Another large monkey, a Magot, occupied a similar 
position at the opposite end of the building. For sev- 
eral weeks he refused to accept attention from me, be- 
having much like the animals which I have just men- 
tioned. When Ave first met he made faces so comical 
that I could not help laughing. This so infuriated him 
that he jumped against the bars, shook the cage and 
tried hard to reach me, and his fits of anger did not 
abate until I left. At each meeting his anger grew less, 
until one morning, during one of these outbreaks, he 
suddenly ceased his demonstrations and became quiet. 
Turning his head slightly upward, he looked away 
with a dreamy expression, not paying the slightest at- 
tention to me. His arms extended through the bars, 
and he allowed them to remain within my reach. I 
took his hand, stroked it, examined his fingers and 
spoke kindly to him. He seemed to be thinking, "This 
man has never teased me as many have done, perhaps 
he means no harm, I will appear to be off my guard 
and watch the result." I did not attempt to prevent 
him from withdrawing his arm, and this action, to- 
gether with fruit which was offered him, touched the 
soft spot in his heart, and he "buried the hatchet" 
then and there. 
After that meeting Freddy expressd his pleasure on 
seeing me, by smacking his lips, chattering his teeth 
and violently scratching his side. Should a visitor ap- 
proach when I was near, or if I pointed at a stranger 
and said, "Catch him, Freddy," he became as infuri- 
ated as when first we met, though now his anger was 
concentrated on the stranger, but he allowed me to 
fondle him with impunity. 
F'reddy had his friend, better friend, and best friend. 
The first was the writer, the second, Mr. Clarence W. 
Bartlet, the superintendent of the gardens, and the 
third, his keeper. When the keeper appeared with the 
superintendent, his love for the latter turned to wrath, 
and should I accompany either, he immediately forgot 
my kindness. This jealousy I noticed was true with 
nearly all the Old World monkeys. 
I left London and was absent three months. Upon 
my return I found Freddy in the "Monkey Hospital" 
suffering from a severe skin disease. He had not for- 
gotten me, and his delight at seeing me did not sub- 
side for several minutes. 
Every zoological garden has its complement of Pig- 
tail, Rhesus, Bonnet and Macaque monkeys. They 
all belong to the genus Macacus, which have rightfully 
been named the "grimace monkeys." To understand 
this term a person has only to point his finger at a 
member of the genus and laugh, and he will usually 
be treated to a series of facial expressions equalled only 
by a contortionist. 
The aggregation of Macaque monkeys numbered 
about 175 specimens. They were confined in several 
large cages, occupying the center of the room, and they 
kept the building in an uproar. 
They were nervous, extremely irritable and treacher- 
ous, and spent much time quarreling among them- 
selves, or with monkeys in- the adjoining cage; those 
in one compartment being pitted against those in the 
other. Wildly they would rush about the dividing screen 
like so many huge spiders, and amid defiant monkey 
chatter and encouragement from members in other 
cages the fight would open. Each would try to bite 
his opponent's fingers or toes, and at the same time 
protect his own. Of course, in grasping the netting 
their digits were laid liable to laceration, to avoid 
which they kept lifting one hand or foot, then the 
other, as though the wires were uncomfortably- hot. 
A few gruff words from the keeper were sufficient to 
hush the uproar and send the combatants scrambling 
to the top of the cage. Quarrelsome though they 
were arnong themselves, they never failed to assist a 
companion when in trouble. 
A boy once offered a Macaque monkey a nut, and as 
he. reached for it, caught the monkey's hand and pulled 
him against the netting until the animal cried out. 
The keeper saw the act, and shouted to the boy in a 
loud, angry voice. The same tone and words wliich 
had many times been used to rebuke the monkeys, they 
now recognized as being addressed to someone else. 
Instantly every monkey in the inclosure was at his 
comrade's side and a dozen tiny arms were thrust out 
at the youngster, who escaped through the open door, 
frightened more at the monkeys than at the keeper. 
They never missed an opportunity to snatch a hat, 
cap, bit of ribbon or bunch of flowers, and many com- 
plaints against them were made to the keepers. 
I remember watcliing an elderly gentleman, Avho 
wore glasses, standing by a cage. A monkey came 
over to him and began to scold. The man "became 
deeply mtcrested and tantalized the little fellow with 
his cane. A second monkey, unobserved by the visitor, 
sneaked down from the top of the cage, and snatching 
the man's glasses, scampered back. It was the quickest 
piece of Primate deviltry I ever saw. The man 
blinked a few times to convince himself that the 
glasses were not there, then looted at the monkey he 
had been teasing, and fi.nally on the floor. Even when 
I showed him where the glasses were, he insisted that 
they were not his, and it took the keeper several min- 
utes to convince him of the fact. 
By far the handsomest creature in the building was 
a Brasus monkey. One could not look at his long 
white beard, heavy eyebrows, slick coat and beautiful 
form without e.x.pressing admiration. He was sedate, 
quick and treacherous, and scarcely noticed people un- 
less they passed with fruit He then drew their atten- 
tion by shaking the loose wire netting, and as they 
turned gave several nods of his head as if to say, 
"Yes, I am the one who did it." On receiving more 
than he was able to eat, he held the surplus in his feet 
until they were full, then stored the rest in his cheek 
pouches. He was fond of destroying pencils, and when 
teased with one, would snatch it and break it into 
solinters. The temptation to pet him was great. Al- 
though I had been warned repeatedly that he could 
not be trusted, I frequently ventured to scratch his 
side, to which he would submit for a time, then sud- 
denly grab at me, but I was always too quick for him. 
Occupying the other half of the same cage was a 
playful pair, a Green and Talapoin monkey. The 
former was extremely timid and never became fully 
reconciled to me. As I 'approached he would scud to 
his box in the corner and from there peep out. But 
when I appeared unconcerned and leaned against the 
cage, he ventured forth and inspected the buttons of 
my coat or ran his fingers through my hair, but the 
minute I turned he was off like a shot. Occasionally 
the two engaged in a romp, although their cage was 
too small to allow much exercise. 
They were not so much disposed to play as their 
neighbors, a Diana and Ludio monkey, who wrestled 
like little acrobats and were sometimes so occupied 
in fun that they failed at first to notice me. As soon 
as they did, however, play ceased. The Ludio monkey 
would take my finger in his mouth and gently bite it, 
but always took care not to pinch too hard. When I 
playfully attempted to catch him, he scampered about 
and kept up a succession of springs, all fours in the 
air at once, and every time he struck the floor he 
threw the straw between his legs with his hands, until 
it was banked against the back of his cage. 
A half-grown Mona monkey stationed at the far end of 
the bui!dmg, became one of my best friends. After a little 
• practice I could imitate his call quite accurately, and 
when I gave it on entering the building, he always 
answered and was ready to greet me. 
From the imiocent look in his light brown eyes, one 
v/ould never suspect him full of deviltry, unless having 
seen the cunningness with which he allowed htdies to 
approach within reach, then out would shoot his long, 
slender arm, and before they had time to step away, 
he had an ostrich plume, bit of ribbon or other hat 
decoration, and was back to his perch enthusiastically 
pulling it to pieces. One day I found him with face 
and hands stained with indelible ink, the result of his 
handiwork at pickpocketing. 
He, too, like the Brasus monkey, was fond of pen- 
cils, and his first act was to push back the lapel of 
my coat and look into my vest pocket. Experience 
had taught me to hide all articles of this kind before 
entering the building, but one morning I overlooked 
a. fountain pen. During the course of his inspection 
he found it, and before I was aware he snatched it 
from my pocket and rushed to the top of the cage, 
where he tried his teeth on the rubber. I called a 
keeper, who brought a stick, and by feigning to strike 
the monkey, forced him to drop the pen. After the 
cage door was closed my little pet came dov/n and 
show ed his anger by scowling and crouching on the 
bottom of his cage, then rising suddenly, which act he 
repeated many times. For the rest of the afternoon he 
was ill-tempered. 
Severpl times I came into the building with my hat 
pulled down and coat collar turned up, and walking un- 
natural!}' took a seat near his cage. He climbed about 
nervously and finally uttered his usual note in doubt- 
ful recognition. I once entered without giving the 
usual call, and as I wore a different hat, he failed to 
recognize me. When I put my finger into the cage he 
grabbed it and bit until the blood flowed. I .spoke 
to him, but he did not heed, I called again and took 
off my hat; he at once answered, released my finger 
and looked into my face inquiringly as if to say, "Oh, 
I didn't know it was you." 
For a long time I was in doubt whether the lively 
actions and somewhat fierce looks of a very interesting 
Sykes' monkey were his way of expressing pleasure 
or dislike, I finally mustered courage to test him in 
the usual manner. He bit my hand gently, but soon 
became excited and shut down too hard, whereupon 
I said "Careful, careful." This seemed to please him, 
for he rushed about the cage like a squirrel in a wheel, 
rolled over and over and then returned to play. 
To attract attention he shook the netting and was 
the recipient of many choice dainties he otherwise 
would have missed. Of all my monkey acquaintances 
he seemed to enjoy my visits most. 
Among the "white eye-lid monkeys'" were several 
white-collared and Sootj' Mangabeys. They h<'.d a 
peculiar way of showing their affection, putting their 
arms through the netting, then around my neck and 
drawing me close to the cage, where they held me as 
long as I submitted; meantime showing hostile demon- 
strations toward passing strangers. 
I must tell of a Chacma baboon that was chained in 
one corner of a cage containing a miscellaneous lot 
of monkeys. He bubbled over with mischief, and was 
continually fighting or getting others into trouble. 
As the mesh of the wire netting was too small to admit 
his whole hand, he would put through the first finger 
of each hand and awkwardly try to pinch or gouge 
my flesh with his nails, at the same time throwing 
back his head, opening his mouth and seeming to 
laugh as though it was a great joke. 
The other monkeys avoided their large antagonist, 
but occasionally became so interested in playing or 
picking among the straw that they fell victim to his 
watchfulness. The baboon was chained by his neck, 
and when a monkey was not within easy reach, I have 
seen him run the length of his chain. Whirl quickly and 
stretching hitnself to the fullest extent, grab the mon- 
key Avith his foot and drag it to him. Seated on the 
floor, the Chacma held his prisoner in front of him 
and subjected it to a half hour's inspection. If it at- 
tempted to escape it was unceremoniously hauled back 
by the leg, arm or tail. When a few of the monkeys 
came to their companion's assistance, the Chacma held 
it with one foot and fought off the others, but when 
they Avere joined by the reserves, his baboonship was 
compelled to release his prisoner and had an uncom- 
fortable time indeed. Clustered about him, they 
charged from every quarter, and while defending him- 
self on one side he was attacked from another, and 
finally retreated to his corner squalling for mercy. 
After being fed, he often turned his large square 
feeding dish on edge and tried to balance himself on it. 
Though it was only three inches deep, he frequently 
succeeded in doing so, much to the amusement of the 
spectators. 
An infant baboon Avas placed in a cage near him. 
Its disproportionately large head gave it an extremely 
idiotic appearance.' Its older relative, however, seemed 
to recognize the baby as one of its own species, and I 
fully believe that had the keeper put them together 
the little one would have been killed by affection. 
J. Alden Loring. 
OwEGo, N. y. 
The Spfing: Mig-ration of J 903. 
New York, August 19. — Editor Forest and Stream: 
Like J. L, Davison, I noticed a remarkable falling off of 
birds stopping on their migrations last spring, which I 
believe_ was due to the late spring, followed by clear 
moonlit nights. The former delayed the travelers, there- 
fore they took advantage of the latter to make up for lost 
time. Naturally, as each flock stopped at fewer resting 
places than usual, each place had fewer visitors. Those 
which I did see were later than schedule, Avhich helps to 
support this theory. I noted one marked exception to 
this rule in the black poll, which I saAV on May 10. My 
observations are made in Central Park. Has anyone any 
other idea? If so, why not present it? 
E. M. Strtngham. 
• 
Proprietors of shooting resorts will find it profitable to advertise 
them in Forest and Stream. 
Sportsmen and Others. 
(From Forest and Stream: Editorial of Aug. 8.) 
"It is now coming to be generally believed that the 
less nature is interfered with the better, for it is nature 
that makes the world beautiful. There is beauty in 
art, but art can ncA'er equal nature. On the other hand, 
civilization is directly opposed to nature, and in the 
highest development of civilization nature scarcely 
exists." 
(From Mr. Abbott H. Thayer's article in Forest and .Stream of 
Aug. 8.) 
"Look at these two forces, side by side, in the effort 
to preserve game. The naturalist striving to save it 
to study and admire, and so that they may know that 
each Avild region still has its wonderful typical inhabi- 
tants; the sportsmen, on the other hand, that they may 
kill it! Would any disinterested judge hesitate as to 
which of these attitudes is most representative of 
humanity's hope to-day?" 
Now, Mr, • Editor, much has been written in your 
columns of late on the above large and interesting 
subject, and much more can be written upon it. As this 
seems to be a "free-for-all" discussion, I propose to 
have ray say also, taking for my text the above two 
quotations, in both of which apparent fallacies crop 
out, to the writer's apprehension of the subject. 
In the several able and interesting articles that have 
appea+ed, each writer has expressed himself from his 
own viewpoint, Avith exclusion of other views; and, 
while there_ is more or less truth in all that has been 
said, there is a lack of co-ordination of the truths pre- 
sented in different phases of the subject. It is noAV 
proposed to make an effort to round up the discussion 
from a more general point of observation. 
Here is a significant matter for reflection, that in all 
the uncounted centuries of man's relations with nature 
in the past, his dealings with his fellow creatures of the 
loAver orders have been of a haphazard and impulsive 
sort, merely to satisfy present needs or gratify existing 
whims, Avith little or no thought of the future — that is, 
leaving out domesticated creatures and confining the 
observation to the fers naturce; and it appears that he 
is just noAV aAvakening to a realization of the fact that 
the supply of nature's children is not inexhaustible; 
that they have other important functions besides sup- 
plying meat or sport to mankind; that there is an 
ethical principle involved in the exercise by man of 
his dominion over his helpless felloAV creatures, and 
that it has become necessary to study these relations 
with a view to their proper adjustment to suit all the 
requirements of the case for the present and future. 
All of the discussions that have sprung up during the 
past few years, both upon the main issue and along 
collateral lines, involving the general subject of the 
ethics of sportsmanship, the conservation of the Avild 
creatures, etc., attest the truth of the proposition that 
the present is the turning point in the hisory of man's 
relations to his fellow creatures who acknoAvIedge only 
nature as their master, Avhich has noAv become the sub- 
ject of serious reflection by thoughtful people. 
Reverting noAV to the "text" I have chosen for this 
homily, in the quotation from Forest and Stream's 
editorial, there is matter for a more extended argu- 
ment than is here designed, as being not strictly ger- 
m.ane to the points at issue. But, taking the two propo- 
sitions — "the less nature is interfered with the better," 
and "civilization -is directly opposed to nature" — if 
both are. accepted Avithout qualification, it folloAvs that 
man must either go back to a state of nature, or retire 
from the field altogether. 
Man began to interfere Avith nature when he first set 
a snare for bird or beast, instead of picking up fruit 
for his subsistence. As he advanced to the art of cut- 
ting down trees, building habitations, and cultivating 
the soil, he interfered with nature still more, as also 
in the destruction of such creatures as Avere directly 
inimical to iiis interests, and the subjection of others 
that wefe useful. 
It is eA'jdent that interference Avith nature is an 
