Oct. 24, 1903.]! 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
this summer (1902) in a series of experiments carried 
on for several weeks in the biological laboratory of 
Queen's University, Kingston. Perch, rock bass and 
black bass fry were all used. In fact, the tests this 
season were, if anything, more exacting than they were 
in 1900. The volume of pine and of cedar sawdust used 
was 20 per cent, of the whole volume of the tank, and 
both adult fish and black bass fry (these latter only 
about six weeks old and an inch long) were kept for 
four or five days in the mixture, without any apparent 
injury. 
When, however, sawdust was allowed to lie in still 
water, or in very slowly running water, entirely differ- 
ent results were obtained. Then, the most disastrous 
effects followed the immersion of different animals in 
the poisonous mixture. Not merely did adult fish die 
in it, but fish eggs, fry, aquatic worms, small arthro- 
pods, animalcules and water plants. Nor was the 
cause of death due to suffocation from lack of oxygen, 
because when air was made to bubble rapidly through 
the solution the final results were the same, the only 
difference being that death was somewhat delayed. No 
one could paint too vividly the deadly effects of strong 
solutions of pine or cedar sawdust when soaked in 
standing water. Adult fish died in two or three min- 
utes; fish eggs in a few hours; fry and minnows in 
from ten to fifteen minutes; aquatic worms and insects, 
eight to twenty-four hours; aquatic plants, a few days. 
Every living thing died in it, and if one were to judge 
of its effects by laboratory experiments alone, then the 
prohibitory legislation needs no better defense. 
The following conclusions are based upon the results 
of many similar experiments: From 50 per cent, to 
80 per cent, of white pine sawdust sinks in standing 
water, in from two to three minutes. The variations 
in quantity and time depend upon (i) the size" of the 
particles, (2) upon the manner in which they are made, 
(3) upon whether the Water is perfectly still or agi- 
tated, and (4) upon whether the particles are dry or 
moist. 
Large particles sink much slowly than small ones, 
because the latter are more easily penetrated through 
and through by the water. 
Dust made with a hand-saw sinks more slowly than 
sawdust made with a large mill saw. The difference 
seems to be due to the difference in the force with 
which each is made. A large upright or circular lum- 
ber saw strikes the log with great force, squeezes out 
the imprisoned air from the wood fibres, renders them 
denser, and as a consequence they sink more quickly 
than particles of a similar or smaller kind which have 
ben made by a hand-saw. 
When water is slightly agitated, sawdust thrown 
upon it sinks more quiclcly than when the water is 
perfectly still. Consequently, in the swells of a 
steamer, in the waves made by wind, and in the ripple 
of a slight rapids, all the sawdust excepting the largest 
particles would sink to the bottom in a few minutes. 
If thrown into a rapidly flowng stream, sawdust is 
carried downwards until it reaches comparatively still 
water, and then the finer particles sink; the coarser 
may be carried for miles and miles down a river and 
out into the bays of a lake or sea. 
In laboratory experiments the coarser particles 
would float for days, because the water is unable to 
penetrate the fibre and displace the imprisoned air, 
which gives to wood its buoyancy. Wood fibre is, of 
course, heavier than water, and therefore sinks; and 
pine logs would sink much more quickly than they do 
only that the water cannot penetrate their interstices 
and drive out the air. Yet they do sink in considerable 
numbers, as every lumberman knows. 
Hardwood logs cannot be floated to market at all, 
because the water of the cell-sap permeates them, ren- 
dering them heavier than water, and they sink. A very 
simple experiment illustrates how pine logs sink after 
being in the water some time. Throw a piece of black- 
board crayon into a dish of water. At first it floats, 
but soon bubbles of air escape from the chalk, and in 
a few moments it sinks to the bottom. So is it with 
sawdust and logs. 
The first experiments of the season were performed 
for the purpose of determining the effects of sawdust 
upon fish eggs. The St. Andrew's experiment had 
shown that adult trout were not injured by sawdust 
in rapidly running water; but two other points re- 
mained to be determined: (i) Whether sawdust killed 
fish eggs, and (2) whether it destroyed the food of 
young or full grown fish. 
Perch egs were collected along the shallows of Col- 
lins Bay, just west of Kingston, and brought to the 
laboratory on May 12. They were placed in a clean 
aquarium with a stream of tap water (from Lake On- 
tario) running into and out of the vessel. On the 
same day a bag made of bleached cheese cloth, and 
filled with a peck of white pine sawdust was placed 
in an aquarium, 401-2 inches by 15 inches by i6j4 inches. 
Tt was weighted with stones to treep it on the bottom. 
Water entered the aquarium very slowly, so that the 
conditions of the experiment approximated somewhat 
to those in the pools of a sluggish stream. 
Next morning it was noted that as a result of the 
bag of sawdust being in the aquarium all night, the 
water had dissolved out a sufficient amount of material 
from the sawdust to turn the bottom layer of water 
a j-^ellowish brown color. This layer measured iJ4 
inches in a total depth of i6l4 inches. Above the yel- 
lowish brown layer, and separated from it by a well- 
defined surface, the water was as clear as that of Lake 
Ontario. Only about four-fifths of the bottom of the 
aquarium was covered by the bag; its upper surface 
stood about half an inch above the brownish liquid. 
Four batches of eggs were placed in the aquarium 
at 10 A. M. of the 13th of May, viz.: two batches on 
the very bottom of the aquarium in the brownish water, 
and two on the surface of the bag of sawdust, well 
within the clear water. 
Next morning at 9:00 A. M. every egg in the yellow- 
ish brown water was dead; and every egg in the clear 
water was alive. 
Assuming that the brownish water was a saturated 
solution of material extracted from sawdust, two other 
solutions were made from it — one of 25 per cent., and 
one of 5* per cent itrength, in tap water. Fresh b«tch«t 
of eggs were placed in each of them. In twenty-four 
hours the eggs in the 25 per cent, solution were all 
alive; half of those in the 50 per cent, solution were 
dead. In twenty-four hours more some of the fry had 
hatched out, but eggs and fry in both solutions were 
all dead. 
In order to ascertain whether the death of both 
larvje and fry was not due to lack of oxygen, rather 
than to poisonous extracts disolved from the wood, 
air was made to bubble rapidly through some of the 
brown water. This experiment was begun at 12:30 
P. M., and 800 c.c. of air per minute were passed 
through 230 c.c. of the discolored water. At 5:30 P. 
M. of the same day, a batch of 60 eggs was placed in 
this aerated water, and air was passed continuously 
through it all night at the rate of 400 c.c. per minute. 
Next morning at 10 A. M. every egg in the batch was 
dead. The conclusion, therefore, is quite clear. The 
eggs were killed, not by lack of oxygen in the water, 
but by the poison contained in the water and evidently 
dissolved out of the sawdust. 
[to be concltjded.] 
Notes ftom Cincinnati and Vicinity. 
The Pelee Club, composed of prominent business and 
professional men of Cincinnati, namely, Joseph S. 
Peebles, Wm. A. Webb, Frank C. Tullidge, Hon. T. 
B. Paxton, T. W. Paxton, Col. Rennick, Judge Hollister, 
Albert H. Mitchell, Charles Lewis, Frank Shaffer, W. 
L. Kayser, Lee Early, Jas. A. Collins, R. K. Le Blond, 
Capt. Laidley, and Jos. Reeves, returned from their 
summer outing at Pelee Island, Lake Erie, on October 
13. The season's sport was marred by bad weather which 
kept the anglers in the house a good deal of the time. 
The prize black bass of the season was caught by T. B. 
Paxton and weighed 4 pounds g^A ounces. Charles was 
a close second with a bass of 4 pounds 6^/2 ounces 
weight. Several double and triple catches were made, 
and the sport was excellent during the good weather. 
Although the members did not haA^e as good sport as 
last season, for the reason given, they are not discour- 
aged, but look forward to next season with pleasurable 
anticipations. 
The members of the Columbus (Ohio) Fishing Club 
were entertained at their thirteenth annual dinner on 
October 13 by Dr. Thoman, of the Park Hotel. Those 
present were: M. A. Joyce, president; Calvin Sohl, 
secretary; James Atkinson, superintendent of club 
grounds; E. A. Coe, J. G. Dun, W. F. Huffman, B. W. 
Payne, and S. W. Lyons. The club's grounds are one 
mile north of Fishinger's bridge, and are said to be one 
of the best of the fishing preserves in northern Ohio. 
Anglers at Louisville, Ky., say that the salmon fishing 
along the gravel bar just south of the city is good, and 
some good strings have been taken. A fall in tempera- 
ture and continued low water in the river will improve 
the sport materially. Bonasa. 
Pennsylvania Fish at the "Wotld's Fair. 
St. Louis. — Pennsylvania will make an extensive ex- 
hibit of fish at the World's Fair. The State Commission 
has appropriated $10,000 for the display. W. B. Meehan, 
State Fish Commissioner, will install thirty-five aquaria 
in the Forestry, Fish and Game Palace. This is as many 
as the United States Fish Commission will have in its 
exhibit in the Government Fisheries Building. The ex- 
hibit will include mounted specimens of mammals, birds, 
and reptiles that prey upon fish life, paintings in colors 
of the principal pool and game fish of the State, literature 
upon the subject of fish protection and culture, a minia- 
ture waterfall and trout stream, and a hatchery in full 
operation. 
— t — 
Flxturea. 
BENCH SHOWS. 
Nov. 17-19. — Boston, Mass. Terrier Club show. 
FIELD TRIALS. 
Oct. 26. — Clare, Mich. — Sportsman's Field Trial Association 
trials. E. C. Smith, Sec'y> Midland, Mich. 
Oct. 26. — Washington Court House, O.— Monongahela Field 
Trial Association trials. A. C. Peterson, Sec'y, Homestead, Pa. 
Oct. 27.— Paradise Valley, Nev.— Nevada Field Trial Association 
trials. Dr. C. E. Wilson, Sec'y. Elko, Nev. 
Nov. 2.— Washington Court House, O.— Ohio Field Trial Asso- 
ciation trials. G. R. Haswell, Sec'y, Circleville, O. 
Nov. 3-6. — New York. — Annual show of Ladies' Kennel Associa 
tion of America. 
Nov. 9. — Fourteenth annual beagle trials of the National Beagle 
Club of America. Charles R. Stevenson, SecV. 
Nov. 9. — Howardsville, Va.— Missouri Fiel& Trial Association 
trials. L. S. Eddins, Sec'y, Sedalia, Mo. 
Nov. 9. — St. Joachim, Ont. — International Field Trial Aosocia- 
tion trials. W. B. Wells, Hon. Sec'y, Chatham, Ont. 
Nov. 9.— Hutsonville, 111.— Independent Field Trial Club trials. 
H. S. Humphrey, Sec'y, Indianapolis, Ind. 
Nov. 9.— Western Irish Setter Club trials. Dr. T. L. Fenn, 
Sec'y, Chicago, 111. 
Nov. 10.— Hampton, Conn.— Connecticut Field Trial Club trials. 
F. W. Smith, Sec'y, New Haven, Conn. 
Nov. 16. — Robinson, 111. — Illinois Field Trial Association trials. 
W. R. Green, Sec'y, Marshall, 111. 
Nov. 23. — Robinson, 111. — American Championship Field Trial 
Association trials. H. S. Humphrey, Sec'y, Indianapolis, Ind. 
Dec. 1.— Clay City, Ind.— Indiana Field Trial Club trials. C. F. 
Young, Sec'y. 
Dec. 5.— Thomasville, Ga.— Continental Field Trial Club trials. 
John White, Sec'y, Hempstead, N. Y. 
Nov. 16.— Holmdel, N. J.— Po>nter Club of America's trials. 
C. F. Lewis, Sec'y, New York city. 
Nov. 30.— Chase, City, Va.— Virginia Field Trial Association 
trials. Charles B. Cooke, Sec'y, Richmond, Va. 
Brunswick Fur Club Trials. 
The Brunswick Fur Club trials, the great annual 
events of the foxhound devotees of the Northeast, took 
place on the week commencing Oct. 12, at Barre, 
Mass. 
The gathering of 1903 was great, both as to num- 
bers and the eminence of the visitors. The Derby was 
the first stake. The first day's competition was not 
decisive enough to determine the winners. The 
weather was rainy and unfavorable. A start was made 
at 7:30- Th.Ps? y/ho, mounted, followed the hunt were 
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas W. Hitchcock, Dr. A. C. Hef- 
fenger. Miss Heffenger, Harry W. Smith, C. Smith, 
E. H. Walker and J. E. Bent'ley. There was a large 
attendance, among whom were President O. F. Joslin, 
of Oxford; N. I. Bowditch, of Framingham; John Du- 
quid, of Framingham; Dr. R. F. Perkins, of Framing- 
ham; Thomas Brown, of Framingham; Mr. and Mrs. 
L. W. Campbell, Woonsocket, R. I.; J. H. Baird, of 
North Orange; Herbert Maynard, of Dedham; E. H. 
Walker, of Hammack, Ky.; A. B. F. Kinney, of 
Worcester; B. L. Brooks, South Vernon, Vt.; C. E. 
Perkins, Burlington, la.; Dr. and Mrs. A. C. Heffen- 
ger, Charles Heffenger and Miss Heffenger, of Ports- 
mouth, N. H.; Lemuel Pope, Jr., Portsmouth, N. H.; 
George A. O'Neil, Yonkers, N. Y.; Bradford S. Tur- 
pin, Roxbury; O. B. Howe, Hudson, and V. S. Spauld- 
ing, Monroe City, Mo.; Thomas G. Breemer, Brook- 
line; S. P. Breemer, Boston; Henry Hill, Worcester; 
H. B. Smith, Norwich, Conn.; Philip W. Moen, 
Worcester; Harry W. Smith, Worcester; Mrs. George 
Crompton, Worcester; Miss H. Barton, Worcester; 
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas W. Hitchcock, Westbury, L. I.; 
Chetwood Smith, Worcester; C. J. Prouty, Scituate, 
Mass.; John C. Bentley, Sandy Spring, Md.; Capt. S. 
B. Parker, Boston; Henry G. Vaughan, Boston; F. 
B. Whidden, Boston; George S. Whittemore, Leicester; 
Fred Bucklin, Worcester; A. B. McGregor, Medfield; 
W. Hair, Worcester; C. H. Howe, Worcester; L. F. 
Herrick, Worcester; F. S. Peer, Ithaca, N. Y.; W. H. 
Turner, Newburg, N. Y.; J. Bradley Scott, Newburg, 
N. Y.; A. Wheeler, G. Henry T. Mitchell, C. Lovell, 
P. Cummings, Worcester; Henry L. Morse, Boston. 
The Derby competition was resumed early, 6 o'clock, 
on Tuesday, Oct. 13. Three foxes were started, the 
first by Mr. Harry W. Smith's Sing and Song, the 
second by Mr. Thomas W. Hitchcock, Jr.'s, Maid, E. 
Walker's Ben and Hari-y W. Smith's Sing and Song. 
The third chase was largely in the open and was ex- 
citingly spectacular. After dinner the judges an- 
nounced the winners as follows: First, Thomas W. 
Hitchcock, Jr.'s Maid; second, Harry W. Smith's 
Sing and Song; third, W. S. Walker's Ben; fourth, E. 
H. Walker's Flirt. The winner of the Derby will hold 
the R. D. Perry Cup for one year, and wins outright 
one of the club cups. 
The judges were Charles H. Howe, of Worcester; 
Bradford S. Turpin, of Roxbury; Dr. Lemuel Pope, of 
Portsmouth, N. H.; George B. Appleby, of Oxford; E. 
L. Brooks, of Vernon, Vt; F. B. Whidden, of Bos- 
ton, and C. J. Prouty, of Scituate. The entries were: 
Mrs. L. W. Campbell's Ten Broeck and Beauty; V. G. 
Spaulding's Mark Hanna; Thomas W. Hitchcock, Jr.'s, 
Maid; S. D. Parker's Wavward; F. S. Stark's Hazel 
Belle; W. S. Walker's Ben; E. H. Walker's Flirt; A. 
B. F. Kinney's Cricket: PI. W. Smith's Sing and Song; 
A. O. Allen's Jess, and W. H. Turner's Jack. 
The entries in the All-Age Stake was the record 
breaker of the club. There were upward of 70 entries. 
Of these about 62 started. Competition in this stake 
commenced on Oct. 14. The start was made at 6 o'clock 
A. M. The weather was clear and calm. Foxes were 
found in ample numbers. The trial was unfinished 
on Wednesday, therefore was carried over to the next 
day. The judges will gradually sift out the dogs which 
have no chance to win. The first fox was started soon 
after the hounds were slipped. He was started near the 
Hancock Swamp, south of the Petersham road. A 
pack of 25 hounds carried him swiftly southeast, driving 
him into the open for a clear run of three miles, to 
Dennyville. on the outskirts of Barre Plains. Messrs. 
A. B. McGregor, Harry W. Smith and Dr. A. C. Hef- 
fenger followed dashingly. The pack was split, and a 
part of it had in the meantime started another fox,, 
which they hunted for about two hours in the Moose 
Brook district. Another section of the pack carried off 
the fox to the Hardwick Hills. In a fourth hunt, the fox 
was driven to earth. Much of the hunt was in the 
open. Some discussion on the unsettled question, 
whether hounds can run a northern red fox to the 
death was revived on finding a dead fox where the 
hounds had had a noisy skirmish earlier. The fox, on 
examination, was found to be a cripple from a gun shot 
wound in a hind leg. The consensus of opinion was 
that the distinguished Southern visitors had changed 
their minds, both in regard to the Northern hound, 
which they heretofore considered slower than the 
Southern hound, and the Northern red fox, which they 
considered as being overrated. The Northern red fox 
was_ conceded to be the speediest and wariest of the fox 
family, beyond the compass of any pack in his native 
hills. 
The All-Age Stake was finished on Friday. 
Early in the morning 38 hounds were started for the 
final chases. The weather was unfavorable for good 
work, being foggy and the ground wet. The judges 
held a long conference, about seven hours, before de- 
termining the winners. 
The club cup was won by Ailsie, owned by E. H. 
Walker, of Hammack, Ky. 
The Pope Memorial Cup for first in trailing speed 
and driving, was won by Bandit, owned by Dr, A, C. 
Heffenger, of Portsmouth, N. H. 
The first hunting prize was won by Mont, owned by 
E. H. Walker, of Hammack, Ky. ; second was won by 
Logan, owned by P. W. Moen, of Worcester; third 
was won by Scott, owned by J. Bradley Scott, of New- 
burgh, N. Y. 
First trailing prize was won by Bandit, owned by 
Dr. A. C. Heffenger, of Portsmouth, N. H.; second 
was won by Calif, owned by H. C. Alley, of Burling- 
ton; third was won by Breeze, owned by Mrs. L. W. 
Campbell, of Woonsocket, R. I. 
First speed and driving prize was won by Ailsie; sec- 
ond was won by Rye, owned by J. Bradley Scott, of 
Newburgh, N. Y.; third, was won by Bandit. 
First endurance prize was won by Victor, owned by 
J. C. Bentley, of Sandy Springs, Md.; second was won 
by Arp, owned by E. H. Walker, of Hammack, Ky.; 
third was won by Calif. ' 
Special, a hunting horn, was awarded to Logaru 
Ailsie also was given the club cup, and will hold for 
one year the Hitchcock cup and the Woodstock Ken- 
nel cup, offered by Randolph Crompton, of Worcester. 
In the four classes the ^rst prUc winners each receive 
