Forest and Stream. 
A Weekly Journal of the Rod and Gun. 
Copyright, 1908 bv Forbst and Strkam Publishing Co. 
Trrms, $4 A Year. 10 Cts. a Copy. I 
Six Months, $2. ) 
NEW YORK, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 26, 1903. 
J VOL. LXI.— No. 26. 
"I No. 846 Broadway, New Yokk 
The Forest and Stream is the recognized medium of entertain- 
ment," instruct' m and information between American sportsmen. 
The editors invite communications on the subjects to which its 
pages are devoted. Anonymous communications will not be re- 
garded. While it is intended to give wide latitude in discussion 
of current topics, the editors are not responsible for the views of 
correspondents. 
Subscriptions may begin at any xime. Terms: For single 
copies, $4 per year, $2 for six months. For club rates and full 
particulars respecting subscriptions, see prospectus on page iii. 
FOREST AND STREAM CHRISTMAS NUMBER. 
The Christmas Number of Forest and Stream, con- 
sisting of fifty-two pages, and handsomely illustrated, is 
the most notable issue of a sportsman's journal ever pub- 
lished in the country. It is for sale by all newsdealers, 
or will be sent from this office. 
ARTHUR CORBIN GOULD. 
We record with profound regret the death of Arthur 
Corbin Gould at his home in this city on December 15. 
As the editor of Shooting and Fishing Mr. Gould was 
widely known and was as widely esteemed. The news of 
his death has brought to his associates and acquaintances 
a keen sense of personal loss. His age v/as 53. 
Mr. Gould was for many years engaged in the whole- 
sale wool trade in Boston, and like so many of Boston's 
business men found his favorite recreation in the woods 
and on the stream. He was specially interested in the 
science of projectiles and the art of rifle and pistol shoot- 
ing, on which topics, by constant study, he came to be 
recognized as an authority. His taste for these out- 
door pursuits and his bent toward journalism prompted 
him to undertake the publication of The Rifle, a monthly 
journal devoted to these subjects. The Rifle in time out- 
grew its limited field and was enlarged into Shooting and 
Fishing, of broader scope, which Mr. Gould brought to 
New York. 
Mr. Gould had a genuine interest in woods life and the 
recreations of field and stream, and wrote with felicity of 
his favorite themes. His kindly nature was reflected in 
the pages of Shooting and Fishing, and with" the passing 
years he won a constantly widening circle of friends by 
whom his death has been sincerely mourned. 
Tn another column we print the fitting memorial of 
Mr. Gould which was adopted by a meeting of his friends 
and business acquaintances in this city last Saturday. 
THE IV INTERS WHITENING OF ANIMALS. 
Every hunter and outdoor man of temperate or northern 
climes knows that at the approach of winter or when the 
snow covers the ground, there are certain animals th.it 
change iheir color and become white. Why they do this 
and how they do it is very imperfectly understood. lii 
a general v;ay wt know that certain animals inhabithig 
.Arctic regions are always white or nearly so. Thus 
the polar bear, the white^ wolf, the Arctic fox, an alpine 
goat, an owl and a finch are white, or nearly so, at all 
times, and in the north temperate zone there are many 
animals, such as weasels, hares, grouse, and others, which 
change their colors with the seasons. It is obvious enough 
that thc^e color changes are adaptations to enviroumen;. 
and that they have a protective purpose. We may 
assume that they are the results of -natural selection, 
carried on over an indefinite period of time. But this is 
vague and general, and tells us nothing of the origin of 
the change. 
Not very long ago Capt. Barrett Hamilton read before 
Ihe Royal Irish Academy a paper in wdiich he endeavored 
to ex])Iain the winter whitening of birds and animals 
living in snowy countries, and these are some of the 
LohcUisions which he draws: 
II was found that in niumntals there i.s a definite 
sequence in which llie various parts of the bodies whiten, 
and that this sequence corresponds lo the summer accu- 
mulation of fat on the outside oE the body. Thus on the 
belly, where the faf is thickest, the liairs are permanently 
white, and the rump, where also there is a large accumu- 
lation of fat, is usually the first part to whiten in winter. 
At the close of the summer most animals in northern 
lands accumulate fat rapidly, and this fat is always dis- 
tributed in the same manner on the body of each species. 
The accitmulation of this fat indicates deficient oxydiza- 
and the slow ^ssintiilation of nutrition if! the :pavts 
vvhich it underlies, so that the process is one of atrophy. 
This process reaches its height in the autumn, at which 
time it may begin to extend to the hairs, the pigment of 
which is removed so that they become white. The 
change- of color, as already remarked, begins at those 
points where the layer of fat on the body is thickest and 
the atrophy therefore greatest. If a change of coat takes 
place at this time, the new hairs are white. Animals 
which have once become white remain white until the 
coat is shed. In very cold countries, where much fat is 
accumulated as a protection against the cold, animals be- 
come white all over. 
Attention is called to the fact* that many domestic ani- 
mals highly prized for their power of accumulating fat 
have a tendency to become white or nearly so, and that 
in both domestic and in wild animals, the belly, where 
occurs the principal fat tract, is the part most fre- 
quently white, while after this follow the rump, parts of 
the neck, and limbs and head. 
Many of our big-game hunters will recognize among 
familiar North American mammals a tendency to white- 
ness in winter. Besides many small mammals, deer and 
mountain sheep, on assuming their winter coat, are paler 
than in summer and a gradual whitening takes place well 
into the winter. 
In many cases this atrophy of the hair goes further 
and assumes the form not of whitening but of baldness. 
Marine mammals, so frequently hairless, are said to be 
so in proportion to the development of this fat' layer 
about the body. Fattening cattle are said to lose their 
hair. On the other hand, baldness in man and the fre- 
quent whiteness in the horse's face occur where the skin 
immediately oN'erlies bone and membrane, and perhaps 
may thus be illy nourished. 
The \yhole subject is an interesting one which requires 
further study. 
MAINE WILD ANIMALS AT ST. LOUIS. 
The Maine commissioners to the Louisiana Exposition 
have determined upon a log cabin filled with trophies of 
the chase as a fitting representation of the State at the 
Fair. The plan has met with some decided opposition 
among those who consider that the backwoods interests 
are not the ones to put forward to the world. State 
Master Obadiah Gardner, of the Maine State Grange, 
took occasion to protest in his annual address last week. 
'■'Every other interest," he said, "is to be subverted that 
we may appear at the St. Louis Fair in the garb of abo- 
. rigines, in keeping with the prevailing opinion in the 
West that Maine is composed of icebergs and wild ani- 
mals. With $123,000,000 invested in manufactures, and 
as much more in agriculture, it wotild seem that these in- 
terests, with many others, should receive some recogni- 
tion at the hands of the State in advertising" our wealth 
of resources." 
Which may be perfectly true; and it is to be assumed 
that these varied industries will have their due recogni- 
tion at St. Louis. On the other hand, Mr. Gardner may 
well remember that at this stage of the country's de- 
velopment the people of the United States are in growing 
numbers interested in knowing where they may go for 
game; and the projected demonstration of Maine's wealth 
in wild animals is likely to prove a good business stroke. 
The State Master also made a strong protest against 
"ihe arbitrary and unjust laws for the protection of wild 
animals against the best interests of Maine," declaring 
that "so serious have become the conditions in the 
northern part of the State, as the result of this law, that 
the growth of population in that section has wholly 
ceased. The cause of civilization," he added, "is mightier 
than the cause of the sportsman, and its march must not 
be retarded to gratify the ambitions of the latter." 
That is a sentiment which every sane person would 
indorse, were there any actual conflict of the interests of 
"civilization" and of the "sportsman." As, a matter of 
fact, there is no conflict. The only manifestation of 
"civilization" with which the sportsman is at war, is the 
civilization which spells extermination of game animals. 
The only game laws the sportsman asks are such as wiU- 
stay the extinction of the game supply. If the' code goes 
be3^ond reasonable protection and conservation of nature's 
resources, and vorks a real deprivation to the community 
and affects unfavorably the development of the country, 
it is to that extent unnecessarily stringent and is un- 
reasonably an4 tiijvfis.e. If^ ^§ th^ §tate Master asserts, 
the Maine law is of this nature, it should be modified. 
But are the conditions as represented? Is there any 
actual conflict of the farming and the sportsmen's inter- 
ests? Valuable testimony on this point might be taken 
among that not inconsiderable number of Maine agricul- 
turists who are precious glad to supplement their farm- 
ing revenues with the ready cash paid to them as 
sportsmen's guides. 
TRESPASS CASES. 
The case of William Rockefeller vs. Oliver Lamora 
for fishing trespass on the Rockefeller preserve at Bran- 
don in the Adirondacks was re-tried last week before a 
jury of the vicinage, and Lamora was acquitted. The 
newspapers report that the case turned on the point 
whether the Rockefeller waters had been stocked by the 
State or not. It is explained that private parks which 
have been stocked by the State are open to the public and 
may be fished by anyone. This is a mischievous report; 
there is no truth in the statement, and its repetition will 
tend to deceive the public and encourage people to fish 
where they have no legal right to fish, and so get them 
into trouble. The facts are these: The private parks 
law provides a special penalty for trespassing to fish or 
hunt in private parks; but one provision is that this 
special penalty provision shall not be operative in the 
case of waters which have been stocked from the State 
hatcheries. The common trespass law applies, however; 
the public has no right to invade the preserves, and tres- 
passers may be punished under the trespass law other 
than the special law referred to. The Lamora case does 
not establish any right to fish in private waters. An out- 
sider has no more right to trespass on a fishing water to 
fish for fish supplied by the State than he would haye to 
drive a reaper into a field of grain raised from seed sup 
plied by the Government to one of Speaker Cannon's 
constituents, or to enter a tenth-story city flat to get at 
the flowers in a window box grown from seed supplied 
from Washington by request of Senator Depew. The 
free fish abuse and the free seed abuse ought both to be 
suppressed; but neither of them can be remedied by 
such confiscation of property as would come of opening 
the streams and the fields to the public. 
The finding of the jury in the Rockefeller-Lamora case 
has a parallel in another fishing trespass case which has 
just been settled in Delaware county. New York, where 
Dr. Henry G. Preston, of Brooklyn, has secured by pur- 
chase and lease the exclusive fishing right of the Mill- 
brook stream at Margaretville. This water has always 
been open to the trout fishermen of the neighborhood, 
and the closing of it has aroused much local opposition. 
In the case which has just been tried Dr. Preston's agent, 
Sliter, brought suit against a resident, Frank Krum, for 
fishing trespass. It was developed by the testimony that 
Sliter had enticed Krum to commit the trespass, and the 
jury found for the defendant, as a jury may be depended 
upon to do in every such case where there is a shadow of 
ground for their letting off their neighbor. 
FOREST RESERVES. 
Two forest reserve measures of transcendent im- 
portance are now before Congress. The first is the Ap- 
palachian Park scheme, which was favorably discussed in 
the last session; and the second is a new measure intro- 
duced by Senator Gallinger, of New Hampshire, for a 
. White Mountain forest .reserve. The bill calls for an 
appropriation of $5,000,000 to enable the Secretary of 
Agriculture to obtain lands, estimated at 1,000,000 acres, 
in the White Mountains. . There is special urgency of 
prompt action in the matter, for under existing conditions 
the ferests of New ITampshire are undergoing ravages 
\.-hich it will take- centuries to repair. In the closing 
number of the season of 1903 the Mount Washington 
paper, Amoiig- the Clouds, known to all White Mountain 
tourists, spoke from a full knowledge this significant 
warning : 
Nothing else can save tlie .forests on the north slope of the 
Presidential range from destructioii. If the bill does not pass 
this winter, the most .beautiful parts of the range will, be dis- 
figured, to remain so for years. Evidence of a public demand 
for the bill will go far toward securing its speedy report. Let 
the lovers of our mountains watch the progress of the bill, and 
press with all their earnestness for its immediate passage, if they 
would preser\-e our scenic beauties intact. Let the appeal come 
from every State, that Congress may know it is not a sectional 
matter, but one in -whifih the people of the whole country are 
interested, 
