August i, i888-] 
TMF. TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
87 
Specific gravity 
Fat 
Sugar and casein 
Salts 
Total solids . . 
Water 
Solids-not-fat. , 
Age of calf . . 
Pood of cow . . 
No. 1. 
No. 5. 
No. 6. 
1-033 
1036 
1032 
3>62 
1*51 
4 OD 
8'UG 
8-gi; 
8-95 
•80 
•80 
•73 
13-Q8 
10-97 

14-23 
86'92 
89'03 
85-77 
100-00 
100-00 
100-00 
9'46 
9-46 
9-68 
4 months 
2 montliB 
4 months 
(Grass, cot- Grass, cot- Grass 
J ton seed, ton seed only. 
J poonac and and poonac. 
The following is die average composition of the 
six samples analysed : — 
Specific gravity 
1-032 
Fat 
3-39 
Sugar and casein 
8-34 
Salts 
•74 
Total solids ... 
12-47 
Water 
87-53 
ioo-oo 
Solids-not-fat 
9 08 
No. 3 was richest in fat, and was indeod found 
to be too rich for a young child, with whom No. 2 
agreed very well. The milk from the cow reported 
to be fed exclusively on grass was only second 
to No. 3 iu respect of fat, while it was highest 
of all in non-fatty-solids. No. 5 was very poor in 
fat. This was demonstrated both by the chemical 
determination and microscopical examination ; 
nevertheless, it was a genuine sample of cow's 
milk, and had a normal amount of solids-not-fat. 
The amount of fat in cow's milk being subject to 
wide variation, it is customary to judge of the 
amount of water that has been added to an other- 
wise genuine sample of milk, by the amount of 
solids present minus the fat. In England 9-4 .per 
cent was for a time regarded as the minimum 
quantity of solids. not-fat present in genuine cow's 
milk. Then, as the processes for extracting the 
iat were further perfected, 9-2 and 9-0 per cent 
were the minima successively adopted. Finally, 
the Milk Committee of the Society of Public 
Aualysts, after analysing 283 samples of milk 
between February 1884 and May I880, re- 
commended that no sample of milk should 
be passed as genuine, which contained les3 than 
8-5 per cent of non-fatty-solids. Of the six Colombo 
samples, only No. 1 fell decidedly below this limit; 
but unless a large number of analyses should prove 
this to have been a very exceptional case, I fear 
we cannot fix a minimum for Ceylon higher than 
8 per cent, and it may possibly be less. 
Having thus obtained a general idea of what 
geniune oow's mill; in Ceylon ought to be, I got 
a friond on three different days to purohase some 
milk from passing milk sellers just as it is sold 
to the people of Colombo, who do not keep oows 
for their own supply. Tho first of these bought 
Specific gravity 
1011 
Fat 
1-95 
Sugar ami ossein 
4-13 
Baits 
•39 
Total solids 
r. 47 
Water 
... 93-53 
101 100 
Suliils-uut-fut 
4-52 
Baaing tin- oaloulation upon an h per cent mini 
mum of non-falty-solids, this sumpio of milk con- 
tained 14*0 pel omit of added wator at least; or 
iu other words tho uhlk hud been dilated willj 
nearly its own volume of water. The following 
wan the composition of the other two samples of 
bought milk : — 
A. 
B. 
1 1 j 1 1 . 
Fat 
3-4(5 
2-90 
Sugar and essoin 
5-83 
3-17 
Salts 
■33 
•33 
Total solids 
9-62 
G'40 
Water 
90-38 
93-54 
100-00 
ioo-oo 
Solids-not-fat 
616' 
3-50 
Neither of these can be regarded as genuine cow's 
milk. If the 8 per cent s.-n.-f. formula be ad- 
opted the sample marked A could not have con- 
tained more than 77 per cent, and the sample 
marked B more than 43-75 per cent of genuine 
cow's milk. I am of opinion, however, that these 
were not simply samples of cow's milk diluted 
with water. The fact that these two samples of 
milk were whiter in oolor than cow's milk, and 
that, while the specific gravity and solids-not-fat 
were very low, the fat was yet present iu cpjite 
normal proportions, I draw the conclusion that A 
consisted mainly of buffalo milk, and that B con- 
tained both buffalo milk and added water. Feeling 
pretty sure of the presence of buffalo milk in these 
two samples, I sent a trustworthy servant to pro- 
cure some samples of genuine buffalo milk, wh ch 
I analysed, with the following results : — 
Specific gravity 1-0174 1-0278 1-0163 
Fat 4-77 5-57 541 
Sugar and casein 5 09 7'14 :} 45 
Salts -27 -73 -57 
Total solids 
Water 
10-13 
89-87 
1344 
86-50 
9-43 
90-57 
100-00 100-00 100 00 
Solids-not-fat 5 36 7 87 4-02 
It would appear from these three analyses, that, 
unlike the case of cow's milk, the fat in buffalo 
milk does not vary in amount so much as the 
solids-not-fat ; but, to establish this as a fact, a 
much more extended series of analyses would b a 
required. In all three cases the solids-not-fat 
were lower than, and in one case only half of, 
the minimum amount found in genuine cow's milk. 
The only three samples of Colombo milk pur- 
chased in a casual way as cow's milk, which I 
have analysed, have thus turned out to be abund- 
antly watered, or mixed with buffalo milk, or 
both watered and mixed with buffalo milk. 
I submitted a sample of liquid from a drinking 
coconut, and also a sample of coconut milk, to the 
same analytical treatment as the samples of cow 
and buffalo milk, with the following results :— 
Specific gravity 
Oil 
Sugar and other 
constituents 
Sslts 
Liquid from 
drinking coconut. 
1-0148 
•28 
I 
I 
Total solids 
Water 
ill. I oil 
Coconut 
milk. 
•9904 
86-78 
7-60 
•87 
4525 
54-7:. 
Solids free from oil. 
ion-jo 
847 
Supposing the coconut milk, which was rather 
thick, had been di'uted till it contained 89 per 
cent of water, its composition would then have 
been : — 
Oil... ... ... ... 801 
Sugar and other constituent • ... 1 \<> 
Salts ... ... ... -21 
