August r, 1888 ] THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
121 
States. The teas exported from Ceylon, India, aiid 
Java I class as Oongous or Congou kiud. Every tea- 
growing couutry exports Oongou teas, more or less every 
dibtriot and country grow and cure kinds on the same 
order, though each differ in appearance, flavor, strength, 
and quality, yet they may all be of the Congou order. 
I class all other teas as Oolongs or Oolong kinds. The 
difference lies in the curing. The species, climate, soil 
and preparation constitute the difference between all 
teas. Some districts and i-orco countries are better 
adapted to producing Oolong varieties, others Congous. 
I am under the conviction that Ceylon can furnish 
Oolongs as well as Oongous to compote with China from 
whence we get the finest Oolongs. I need not name 
every variety of tea here, but the following are the most 
prominent for examples and the most popular in this 
country : — 
Formosa Oolong grown on the island of that name 
and shipped here from Amoy. 
High district or black leaf Oolong. 
Eed leaf Oolong from Fooehow and Amoy. 
Moytiue and Fychow Hyson tea Oolong kind, color- 
ed green to represent Mandarin teas. 
• Iiipan basket-fired tea (Oolong kind). 
Scented orange pekoe aDd cupu on the Oolong order. 
Scent pekoe and powchong on the Oolong order. 
I would recommend your sending samples of the 
1 Formosa, 
2 High district, 
H Moyuue, as representative teas. 
The last paper f wrote was published in the Pennsylva- 
nia Grocer under the heading of " Tho Tea Leaf of Com- 
merce " in its commercial and domestic aspects in the 
United States. The next which is nearly ready will 
have the same heading and treat of the various des- 
criptions of the teas, namely the green, black, red, and 
brown varieties of China teas, accompanied witli a map 
of the tea districts.— Yours very truly, 0. K. Keid. 
DISEASE AMONG TURKEYS. 
Colombo, 14th July 1888. 
Silt, — The disease, about which your correspondent 
'• B. A." spoke of in one of your later issues, is one 
of infectious kind, which is caused by microscopic 
germs, and it may be either "smallpox in turkeys" 
or .my other cutaneous eruptions. Such germs can 
only be destroyed by disinfection, and all other remedies 
will be utterly useless. 
To effect disinfection, the diseased birds must be 
separated from others, and kept in u cool and shady 
yard, which is thoroughly disinfected by tar smoke and 
sprinkling of strong carbolic acid. The afflicted part 
must be washed either with a weak solution of car- 
bolic acid or Coudy's fluid aud rubbed with carbolic 
powder. — 1 am, sir, yours faithfully, 
-V SWA.MV NATHAN. 
THE OUTTURN OF TEA FROM GREEN LEAF. 
Kandy, 18th July 1888. 
Dear Sib, — We are much exercised at present 
regarding the outturn of tea to green leaf, and I should 
bo much obliged for tho necessary space in your 
columns for the following question on the subject, 
which, I trust, some of your tea experts will be 
good enough to answer. 
Striking an average for twelve months from Jan. 
to Deo., how many pounds of green leaf does it 
lako to make a pound of tea? The weighing to 
be done strictly all round without deductions of 
any .sort for wet loaf. It's commonly supposod 
that 1 lb. of green leaf give a lb. of made tea, hut 
such is not tho easo within my experience. 
Your correspondents will please hear in mind 
that tho reply must be free of all deductions. 
Many planters deduct heavily for wet leaf, but that is not 
ft fair test, for wo may take off 10 per cent, whilst 
another would bo satisfied with nothing less than 
30 per cent !— 1 am, yours faithfully, 
LNDOCTUS. 
1G 
TEA: GREEN LEAF AND THE OUTTURN. 
26th July 1888. 
Dear Sir, — With reference to the letter from 
"Indoctus" appearing in your issue of 18th instant 
re outturn of tea, I enclose an account made 
up from July 188b to June 1888 showing the 
amount of leaf end tea made during each month 
1 also show rainfall, as same people are under the 
impression that 100 lb. leaf will turn out 2~> lb, 
tea ; however, such is not the case in this district, 
where the rainfall is pretty evenly distributed over 
the 12 months. The avprage outturn for the 
year ending June 1887 is 23| '/„ and for 1888 28J 
I have made no deductions for wet leaf or any- 
thing else. The total quantity of made tea includes 
the 1 lb. allowed on each chest of tea. — Yours 
faithfully, SWEET WILLIAM. 
1886-87. 
188 
r-88. 
Leaf 
Tea 
Rain- 
Leaf 
Tea 
Rain- 
lb. 
lb. 
fall 
lb. 
lb. 
fall 
18815. 
July ... 
5,723 
1,347,1 
10-33 
3,362 
844 
5-95 
Augt .. 
1,912 
444 
14-56 
4,500 
1,158 J 
4-10 
Sept . . 
4.410 
1,008 J 
13-91 
4,261 
1,057* 
6 57 
Oct 
5,259 
I.221J 
13-37 
15,708 
3,514 
1457 
Nov ... 
9.755 
2,225 
7-42 
18.551 
4.326J 
14-45 
7,844 
1,928 
8-15 
14.131 
3,219* 
31-74 
1887. 
6,314 
1,018 
5-37 
10,828 
2,788.- 
•51 
Feb 
8.S74 
2.184J 
11-81 
13,683 
3,7224 
Marcb. 
15,087 
3,994 
2-44 
11,782 
3,924 
2-92 
April... 
1(5,950 
4,110 
855 
30,702 
7,490* 
8-13 
May ... 
13,863 
3,394 
2-34 
30,(<) 1 
7,272 
10 61 
June... 
7.865 
1,837 
8-81 
19,272 
4.230 
24-41 
Total... 
103,856 
25,318 
107-06 
180,891 
13,5»7j 
123-96 
Rett need 
on linal 
tiring 
638 
556* 
24,780 
43,04: J 
Mineralogists (says Dr. Taylor in the 
Australasian) are now coming to the conclusion that 
kaolin, or China clay, is not so much the product 
of decomposed felspathic minerals by carbonic acid, 
as by the agency of various compounds containing 
fluorine. Mr. •). H. Collins has succeeded in pro 
ducing artificial kaolin by the operation of hydro- 
fluoric acid on felspar. 
The Loquat.— A branch of this Chinese plant, 
bearing a score of thoroughly ripened fruits, was 
kindly Bent for our inspection by Mr. G. Donald- 
son, gardener, HumewooJ Castle, Co. Wicklow. The 
plant from which this was cut has borne this 
season about 800 fruits, aud is growing iu the opeu 
air. Itipe fruits are very nice eating, and would, 
were the cultivation of the fruit carried out iu an 
organised manner in mild districts in Ireland, aud 
elsewhere at home, prove a marketable commodity 
very remunerative to the growers. — Gardener* Chro- 
nicle. 
Coffee ano Cocoa Suustitutes. (No. 3,60.'. 1881.)— 
The patentee, Mr. A. J. M. Holauchi, describes this 
invention as a method of treating the fruit kuown 
as ceratonia siliqua and the seeds known as aida saliva, 
also (Hwll and the date fruit, so as to combine the 
extract with coffee or cocoa, thereby producing 
substitutes for these foodstuffs. The patentee details 
the process to which he subjects each of tho above- 
named substances — it simply consisting of decoction 
of the roasted or unroasted substauce, and eva- 
poration of the decoction to the consistence of an 
extract. Tho coffee substitute is made from the 
following : — 
Ceratonia extract . . . . ..60 part* 
Coffee .. .. .. 2C „ 
Chicory • • . . • • 0 „ 
Sativa or dholl .. .. .. 6 ,, 
Cocoa substitute is mad- in a similar manner.— 
( 'Iu iiu\f «>■<' Di uj/'jist. 
