NovEMiiKR i, i888.j THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
353 
IMl'UlvE AIR AN I) DAIRY COWS. 
On a certain farm twelve cows we re in the habit, 
of passing the putrefying carcase of a calf, at a dis- 
tance of about 100 yards, each time they went to 
be milked. They breathed the slench-lndoii air for a 
minute only each tunc, but this was sufficient to spoil 
both their own milk and also that of the remainder 
of the herd of eighty cows. In another case, the 
scent of a bed of onions was sufficient to give an 
objectionable flavour to the milk that the cows yielded 
immediately afterwards. These facts are sufficient to 
show the importance of providing pure air for our 
cattle, if our dairy products are to be of high quality. 
Nothing in the nature of an offensive smell should be 
allowed to exist either near the dairy or near the 
animals themselves. You can't get good milk unless 
the cows get plenty of clean, fresh water to drink 
whenever they want it. — Farm and Home. 
[What about cows kept by natives in Ceylon for 
the supply of milk and butter? Is any attention paid 
to pure water and uncontaminated air? — Ed.] 
PAPER PULP EKOM COTTON STALKS. 
For several weeks says the Atlanta Constitution, 
there have been on exhibition in the office of the 
clerk of the Superior Court samples of pulp made 
of tlie fulls and stalks of the cotton plant. The pulp 
is as white as snow and can be converted into the 
finest Wliting paper. It is rewarded as valuable, and 
is the product of parts of the cotton plant hitherto 
deemed valueless 
The process by which it is made is new. It is a 
process by which the ligneous substances of the hulls 
and seed aro dissolved. By this process over fifty 
per cent of the fibre is extracted from tho hulls which 
have been regarded as fit only for fuel in the mills 
or for feed and fertilizing purposes, and which were 
sold for four dollars a ton. These converted into 
pulp will be worth about forty dollars a ton. Erom 
the stalks usually b It to rot in the fields this new 
process utilizes about thirty-eight ptr cent of fibre 
at a very small expense. It has been settled that 
there are i< rtilizing properties ill the oil of the cotton 
seed and it is asserted that the fibre will not de- 
compose for six years and cannot be used as a fer- 
tilizer. This is why the woody matter eliminated 
from the stalk and hull is much more valuable as 
a decomposing fertilizer than the entire seed. By the 
same process the ramie plant and its troublesome i 
cousin, the bagnee stalk is met and overcome. By 
the decorticating process the fibre was crushed and 
torn out by a slow and expensive process. 
In the new process the lignite is simply dissolved 
out, and the snowy films of the ramie and the tawnier 
thnads of the sugar cane are coaxed out as easily as 
the infantile kitten to its milk. — Indian Agriculturist, 
[Which wo suspect is too good to be true. — 
Ed.] 
IMPROVED PADDY CULTIVATION, 
Cultivation of 1'ahuy at Toupuk. 
Rtport of crop* obtained l>u the Agricultural Instructor, 
(a) l!y "pbin'ing on! " t hi- paddy, at . r ploughing 
with tin- improved plough, the Agricultural instructor 
obtained 99 bushel* of paddy from 20 measurta seed 
planted out on 2j acres, i. r„ nearly 1 !'.> folds, or 38 J 
bttlhels crop per acre from only 8 measures seed pur 
acre, the usual amount <d aetd paddy used in thai 
neighbourhood being •'! bushels per aero, 
Tberu whs thus a saving of seod of 2 bushels aud 
2-1 measures per acre, while tho average orop of the 
neighbours who oultivil d in tho native style was 21 
to 1 1 bushels per acre, or 7 fold odd 
(*) By omitting M planting out>"bul (till using the 
improvid plough, he oblaiuetl Utiij biuhela per sure 
from I bushel and Is measures sowed broad oasl nei 
45 
acre, a yield of 22 fold, against the native 21 to 24 
bushels crop per acre from 3 bushels sowed per aero 
(7 fold odd) on the native system. 
No manure was used, aud except for the uso of 
the pli.ugli, and " planting out," the Justrsctor culti- 
vated uiulcrixaofly similar conditions to his neighbours. 
This is the second successful crop raised by the 
Instructor from tiie same fields, it laving been objected 
in some, quarters to his former success that out- 
system might be all very well for one crop, but that 
it would nut last. 
Repdrii by the Villagers who Cultivated on the JYcio 
Syxt em. 
No. h 7th .September 1888. 
M. L. Capepu Mohamet, headman of Toppur, begs 
to report that he ploughed this year about A acre of 
land with the improved plough, aud, according to the 
instructions of the Agricultural Instructor, he sowed 
about 3:1 measures of paddy iu it. The quantity of tho 
crop realized in it was 23 bushels. Thus tho quantity 
realized in the part cultivated with the improved 
plough was much more than that of the other 
parts. 
No. 2 10th September 1888. 
V. V. Sagurtbamby begs to report that he ploughed 
this year ^ acre of land, which never produced a good 
crop before, trampled if, and sowed in it about 10 
measures of paddy. The plants iu this part grew 
much better than those in other parts. The quantity 
of the crop realized in it was 8J bushels and 3 
measures. 
No. 3. 10th September 1888; 
T. Katharnsaibu of Toppur begs to report that his 
younger brotber desired to cultivate a portion of his 
field according to the new method of cultivation. So 
Katharnsaibu and his brother ploughed about J t acre 
With the improved plough, aud after having trampled 
and levelled the. ground, sowed paddy in it. The quauity 
sown was J bushel and that realized was 12 bushels. 
The quantity nalizid iu this part was twice as much 
as that obtained in those parts prepared without 
ploughing. 
No. 4. 11th September 1S88. 
S. L. Agamadn Eebbe begs to report that tho culti- 
vated about \ acre with the improved plough, and 
according to the instructions given by the Agricultural 
Instructor, sowed in it about 8 measures of paddy. 
The quantity realized in it was 7i bushels. Thus of 
all the plots he cultivated, this one ({ acre) produced 
the largest quantity. 
No. 5. 13th September 1SS8. 
Aliar Tamby Moiadeen Baba of Toppur begs to 
report that he cultivated \ acre of land this year 
with the improved plough, and according to the 
methods adopted by the Agricultural Instructor, sowed 
iu it germinated paddy. 
The quantity of seed paddy was i bushel, and tho 
quantity realized in it 10 bushels anil 5 measures. 
Of all the pieces of land he cultivated, this J acre 
produced the largest quantity of crop. 
No. li. 15th September 1888. 
K. M. Sinna Markar of Toppur begs to report that, 
in Kiranvelly, ho cultivate I J aero with the improved 
plough, aud, after having trampled if, sowed 1 bushel 
and 2 measures. The quantity reuli/.ud iu it was about 
19 bushels. Thus this ^ acre produced a hotter crop 
tbau the other pieces of land cultivated by biin. 
No. 7. 20th September 1888. 
M. L. Kuppii tamby of Toppur begs to report that 
he | lougbed about i acre o! land with the improved 
plough this year, ami after having trampled it, sowed 
in it 9 measures of paddy. The quantity realized 
iu it win i" bnohali and 01 meuoreav The paddy 
plant.-, io the part cultivated with the improved plough 
looked belter than the plants iu other parts. 
He also '• planted out" a small portion of bis hold, 
aud removed tho weeds according to the method 
adopted by tin Agricultural Instructor. 
This piece p| land also produced a larger qnautity 
of crop thau any other part. 
