December i, 1888.] THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
393 
Oinchoni- Cincho- Amorphous 
Quinine. dine. nine. Alkaloid". 
10 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
24-5 
21-7 
24- 8 
25- 2 
25 6 
25- tf 
250 
260 
26- 3 
264 
268 
Average 22-2 
37-1 
86:9 
377 
30-6 
37- 3 
2'J-2 
27-4 
41-3 
38- 3 
35 - 4 
44*3 
36- 1 
32- i) 
32T 
277 
2i)-0 
292 
30'0 
32-8 
21 1 
17-6 
28-0 
22-8 
EO-9 
6- 3 
9-8 
9- 2 
7- 9 
15 -2 
14-2 
Ll-6 
17-8 
10-2 
6-1 
10- 8 
The average of the fifty totnl alkaloids is 6-25 per 
cont. The British Pharmacopeia, 1885, directs that " it 
.should yield hot. ween fj and fi per Rent, of total alkaloids, 
of which not less than hall shall consist of quinine and 
oinchoBidine." Reference to the tabic shows that, with 
the exception of five samples, all are official barks; Nop. 
1 and 11 were sent from the Wynaad, No. 6 was taken 
from one of the oldest trees on the plantation, No. IS 
dame from Cm Ion, and No. 32 from Travaucore; of 
these five none fall serionly below the J'harruacopcoia 
standard, and all yield over 6 per cent, of total alka- 
loids. Most of the harks were taken in strips but Nos. 
25, 34, 47 and 18 were taken by the shaving process, 
and although shavings are not in accordance with the 
official description, tney are rich in alkaloids and ex- 
hibit a remarkable decrease in clncbonine. During 
the discussion on the pres-nt I'harimcopujia, a eritic 
remarked that the test admitted barks containing 2.', 
per cent, of quinine, and J per cent, of cinchonidine" 
or those containing A per cent, of quinine, and 2i per 
01 ufcof cinchonidine with 3 per cent, of other alkaloids, 
but it would be very surprising to find snch an erratic 
composition in any one kind of cinchona that I am 
acquainted with. 
By taking the average composition of the alkaloids, 
and calculating from the average yield of total alka- 
loidal contents, we arrive at the composition of a 
typical Buocirubra bark. 
Type of a Succ i rubra. 
Quinine 
Cinchonidine 
Cinrlionine . ... 
Amorphous Alkaloids 
1-40 
225 
1-92 
•68 
f.-25 
I whaiia officinalis has quite a different arrangement 
ot alkaloids in its bark, which, like the former arc 
found within certain limitations. In tho following 
table of analyses made ou selected barks, nearly all 
from the Xilgirix, the quinine ranges from 48 to 62 per 
cent., the cinchonidine from 18 to 33 percent., tho 
quinidino from n to 0 percent., the cincboniiie from 2 
to 16 per ceut., and amorphous alkaloids from t to 13 
per cont. 
Composition of A/ka/vi'h in Ooi«| Barks. 
Quinine. < '" c : ,l0 " i < Juitii- Ciucho- 
dine. Hjn.e. nine 
I 
2 
8 
I 
5 
6 
7 
8 
0 
10 
11 
12 
13 
I I 
15 
10 
17 
16 
50 
ls-2 
60-2 
50- 1 
51 1-5 
51 '4 
52' 1 
2 
52 2 
:>•>■ i 
62-4 
•V-'-7 
53"3 
64*9 
54- 7 
.V. n 
55- 1 
M-2 
dine. 
2lW 
80-5 
31-5 
2 L'fi 
29 I 
280 
25'6 
211 
80-8 
3ia 
BOB 
2 -0 
2f.-> 
26-1 
265 
2i'.,- 
26 0 
BE 8 
3'0 
31 
3 0 
N 
5 3 
3-4 
20 
2-0 
1'9 
10 
16' I 
12-5 
6- 8 
1 1-8 
7*2 
10'1 
12 s 
06 
8- 1 
fill 
7- 8 
74 
110 
100 
5'U 
07 
9- 4 
7-9 
Amorphous 
Alkaloids. 
9-0 
6-8 
9-8 
107 
9-3 
12 s 
C-3 
tier. 
9-2 
01 
7'8 
80 
5-2 
6N 
11 .! 
9-7 
86 
0-i 
( niiniuo 
Cinchoni- 
Quini- 
Cincho- 
Amorph 
dine. 
dine. 
nine. 
Alkaloid 
19 . 
. oS'o 
27'0 
— 
9'2 
8-3 
20 
. 55 '5 
29 - 3 
•6 
8-7 
60 
21 . 
55'8 
23 '1 
. 1'5 
7'8 
128 
22 , 
56 '0 
25 - 8 
■ 
11-7 
6-5 
OQ 
ZO 
, .)U () 
18'6 
— 
13-0 
12-4 
24 
, 56 '0 
24 - 9 
tr. 
iri 
8-0 
25 . 
OO O 
28'5 
1*4 
8-0 
5-8 
26 
56 '3 
25 - 1 
— 
7'4 
11-2 
27 . 
. 0<> 4 
2T5 
— 
167 
5-4 
28 
00 0 
28'1 
4*1 
7*9 
3-4 
29 . 
• 00 O 
25 0 
2*1 
4 - 2 
12-2 
30 . 
On O 
28'8 
TO 
4'7 
8-9 
. 56'8 
27 - 4 
I '7 
66 
7-5 
. 56'8 
27'6 
'8 
9 '5 
5-3 
33 . 
, 56'9 
26-4 
T(i 
66 
8-5 
34 . 
. 57 '0 
20'8 
— 
14'6 
7-6 
35 . 
. 57 '3 
279 
36 
10-3 
36 . 
. 0(4 
25'6 
2'9 
7 - l 
7'0 
37 . 
. 57-8 
26 - 7 
2-2 
6-1 
7-2 
38 . 
. 57 ;8 
26 - 6 
2-3 
61 
72 
nA 
•VJ . 
5S'0 
28 '1 
2*1 
5-4 
64 
40 . 
58 "4 
292 
2-3 
5 - 0 
51 
A 1 
4L . 
58'6 
28 - 6 
2\5 
5 - 3 
5'0 
42 
5S'8 
24-8 
2-4 
4-0 
10'0 
43 
. 59'4 
260 
T5 
39 
9-2 
44 . 
. 59-8 
27-9 
4-7 
76 
45 . 
. 59-9 
33-2 
2'0 
49 
46 
t>0'0 
29'1 
2 - 2 
2-2 
O O 
47 ! 
. 60' 1 
254 
i-o 
S-5 
50 
49 . 
. 60' 
26-9 
1-4 
5-8 
5-0 
49 . 
. 61-0 
22'2 
4-7 
4-8 
67 
50 . 
. 62 1 
250 
22 
3-5 
8-1 
Averago 
55 9 
2U-7 
1-5 
8-0 
7-9 
The crowu barks in this table give an average of 
.V25 per cont. of total alkaloids, hence the composition 
of a typical officinalis is thus represented : 
Type of O fficinal is. 
Quinine ... ... 2*93 
Cinchonidine ... ... ... ... 1'40 
Quinidine ... ... ... ... - 0S 
Ciuchoniue ... "42 
Amorphous alkaloids "42 
5-25 
In Saoh's 'Botany' uuder " Hybrids," it is stated, 
• The characteristics of the pareut forms are, as a rule, 
transmitted to the hybrid, that the influence of both is 
manifested in all its characters, producing a fusion of 
the different peculiarities." If this fusion applies to 
the outward appearance ot the hybridized plants, it 
should also apply to tho organic principles contained 
in them. By calculation from the two types of 
cinchonas, we arrive at the theoretical composition of 
tho alkaloids in the hybrid bark. 
Type of Hybrid. 
Quinine 216 
Cinchonidine ... ... 1-82 
Quinidine -04 
Cinchonine ... 1T7 
Amorphous alkaloids ... ... ... "56 
5'75 
The theoretical type of hybrid differs iu some parti- 
culars, however, from actual analyses of average 
specimens; ; there is loss einohoniqe present! the princi- 
pal alkaloids are quinine and cinchonidine, one or the 
other predominating, but in no instance in such a high 
ratio ;n in the species; and lastly hybrids bavo a 
lirgi r amount of total alkaloids than is shown in the 
above calculated fcyPO. 
Thorn are two kinds of hybrids known on tho estate* 
at Naduvatnm, named vutgnifnlm and pHbttwns ; tho 
former resembles somewhat in external appearance tho 
offirinaHs, the la' ter has the peoulinril ies el growth of 
a tMoirubra, The following twentv five analyses are 
•elected from a large number to show the centesimal 
composition of tho alkaloid* of the two varieties. 
