February 1, 1889.] JHF. TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
525 
porta last season represented fully 2,535,000 ox. of 
quiuiDe. The Ceylon shipments, at an average of 2:t 
per cent., which is no doubt as near the mark as 
any estimate that can reasonably be formed, are 
equal to 4,342,000 oz., or only about 17 times more 
than the yield of tho Java bark ; and as the average 
standard of the barks offered at the Amsterdam sales 
is steadily rising, and the exports from Java, accord- 
ing to reliablo accounts, are likely to assume much 
larger proportions in' 1889-90, we feel justified in 
saying that in the course of possibly one, but more 
probably two soasons, Java will take the lead of 
Ceylon as a bark-producing country. With regard to 
the alkaloid, we find that Ceybn and Java to- 
gether in the yoar ending June 30th last produced 
087,700 oz. of quinine sulphate. Kritish India in 
1880-7 exported 1,280,900 lb. of bark, aud placing 
her shipments for the succeeding season (of which no 
oflicial returns are yet to hand) at the. same amount, 
averaging 2& per oent. quinine sulphate, we obtain 
another 515,000 oz. The shipments of cultivated cal- 
isaya from the Bolivian plantations have been very 
heavy lately, and if maintained at the same rate may 
(though oflicial statistics from these regions travel 
slowly) add about another 1,250,000 lb. of bark to the 
year's production. These barks realise high prices at 
the auctions, and probably average not much under 
4£ per cent, of quinine 1 ; a year's shipments from that 
quarter thus counting for some 890,000 oz. in the 
entire production. Even assuming, therefore, that 
the Java and Ceylon shipments will not be larger 
during the present season than they have been in 
tho last, we may fairly calculate that during the 
year ending June 30th 1889, tho equivalent of about 
8,300,000 oz. of quinine sulphate will be produced, a 
quantity nearly 20 per cent, in excess of what is 
generally thought to he required for the world's annual 
consumption. Does it not, therefore, sooni quite 
likely that, barring unforeseen oircumstanoes, we Bhall 
witness "shilling quinine" in the course of 1889? — 
Chetnill and Drutjyist, Dec. 15th. 
«. 
THE PBOOBESS MADE BY COTTON-SEED. 
Was ever there a history, this side of Cinderella, 
of tho uprising of humility like that of the cotton- 
teed t See ', 
For seventy years despised as a nuisance and burned 
or dumped as garbage. 
Thou discovered to bo the very food for which the 
soil was hungering, and reluctantly admitted to tho 
rank of ugly utilities. 
Shortly afterwards found to bo nutritious food for 
beast as well a« soil, and thereupon treated with some- 
thing like respeot. 
Once admitted to the circle of farm husbandries, 
found to bold thirty-five gallons of pure oil to the ton, 
worth iu its crude, state 514 to the ton, or 8-10,000,000 
for the whole crop of seed. 
But thou a system was devised for rotiuing this oil 
up to a value of SI a gallon, and the frugal Italians 
placed a cask of it at the root of every olivo tree and 
then defied tho Boreau breath of the Alps. 
And then experience showed that the ton of cotton- 
seed was a better fertilizer and a bettor stock wheu 
robbed of its thirty-five gallons of oil than before. 
And that the hulls of the seed made tho best of fuel 
for feeding tho oil mill engine. 
Aud that the ashes of tho hull scooped from the 
ongine'a drift had the highest commercial value a- 
potash ! 
And that tho "refuso" of tho whole male the 
bust aud purest soap stock to oarry to the toilet tho 
perfumes of Lubin or Colgate ! 
About this time we begun to spoil cottonseed with 
capital letters. 
And how it travelled abroad iu its various dresses ! 
A» meal oaken it whitened tho meadows of Kugliind 
with woolly tleeoes and fattened the British ■ it'le 
DJldet tho oaks ; it spurted on the stoves of the 
Dutch in Inr.l ; it glistened iu the cafes ut l'aris as 
olivo oils under s, »|i ami signatures it couldn't even 
pronounce to save its life, and from under the dykes 
in Holland it went forth to parade in all the bravery 
of butter and butterine- 
In our own country it renewed the wasting strength 
of Southern fields, and clad them with whiteness 
that would shame the fleeces of England, or yellow 
that would pale the fleeces of Argonauts. It knocked 
the Western hog into spots, and poured the Western 
lard out of the frying-pan into tho fire. 
And about this time Congress jumped on to cotton- 
seed with both feet, and proposed to check its further 
career by a prohibitory tax. 
And now comv\s a gentlemau of this city with a 
process by which he extracts thirty gallons of fine 
oil from every ton of cottousoed meal after the oil 
mills have done with it. In the "tailings" of the oil 
mills he finds this unexpected and ample store, which 
he deftly extracts with naphtha, leaving the meal 
more nutritious as food for beast or field than beforu 
he took $10 per ton from it. 
More than this, it suggests the splendid possibil. 
ities yet undeveloped for this rural Cinderella that 
has risen all so swiftly from the ashes and the, waste 
heap. — Atalanta Constitution. 
+ 
BOENEO TOBACCO. 
Writes the Financial Neiu.i: — In the finest qualities 
of tobacco lenf the Dutch have hitherto possessed a 
monopoly, and what it is worth to them may be in- 
ferred from the fact that three shillings per pound 
is a not uncommon price at the Amsterdam sales, 
while a Virginia planter is thankful for niueponce or 
a shilling per pound. The reason of this wide differ- 
ence is that tobacco grown in the Dutch colony of 
Sumatra has special qualities to be found iu no other 
leaf. It is best fitted of any for what the trade call 
"cigar wrappers," being both silky in appearnnce and 
neutral in aroma. Seven or eight years ago Sumatra 
tobacco was almpst unknown iu the States; last year 
it was imported to the extent of five and three quar- 
tor million pounds. There are rumours of its oven 
having found its way to Cuba, and come back again 
as the sheathing of genuine Havanas. Wherever it 
goes it is a highly appreciated article, and, so far, it 
has defied competition. The trade, in short, is so pros- 
perous that it had outgrown its native island of 
Sumatra, and overflowed into the adjoining island, or 
rather continent, of Borneo. First, the Dutch planter 
led the way, and then Englishmeu followed. The latter 
received an incalculable advantage in the chartering 
of the North Borneo Company, which, it may be re- 
membered, caused some excited discussion a fow years 
ago. Whatover donbts or suspicion may have been 
felt at its birth tho North Borneo Company is rapidly 
living down. It has justified its existence by the en- 
ergy and breadth of mind with which it has conducted 
its administration. Grants of land havo been given 
to cultivators on very liberal terms. Every encourage- 
ment has been afforded to the introduction of capital 
and laboar on its lands, until at last it is reaping 
the fruit of its enterpriso in a general rise iu valuos. 
Its managers have taken special iuterest in tobacco 
culture, and already two companies havo been form- 
ed nnder its auspices for that pnrpose. The first, 
which was launched a fow months ago, has been a 
great financial success, and its shares now stand at 
a considerable premium ; a second, tho Tobacco Com- 
pany of British Borneo, is now under subscription. 
It has been organised by a strong combination of Singo. 
pore, Penang, Amsterdam, and London firms— mon 
intimately acquainted with tho tobacco trade in nil 
its branches. tPhi y havo arranged with tho North 
Bbmeo Company 999 years' louse of 40,000 acres of 
its best tobacco hints. Tho capabilities of Borneo 
for tobacco culture liavc been amply proved by actual 
experience. Boruoo Lnbaeoo of tho enrrent year's crop 
has been rec ntly sold in Rotterdam in I'irgfl iiunu- 
titioH at very remunerative prices. Brokers «ud oigar 
nt'.iiufnotur. rs through whoso hands it hag passed r«- 
port it to ho equal to tho bust Sumatra. Notwith- 
standing tho natural prejudice of the Dutch against 
Bugliub competition, it has fetched won- titan tho 
