686 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. (ApbIl i, 1885. 
fulfilled, but the fall in prices in 1887 was even 1 
greater than could have been anticipated. Whilst the 
average price at the sales of 1886 amounted to 
/0 70«» per half -kilogram, that of 1887 went down 
to /0'54 ae . The cinchona bark market reached its 
lowest stage at the sale of 20th Oct. 1887, when 
the average price fell to 43c per half-kilogram. | 
And moreover at this sale also the high average ; 
price was due to the relatively high prices which were ) 
paid for speoial lots of pharmaceutical bark, piioes ! 
which are not regulated according to the quantity of | 
alkaloid present in the bark, but are determined 
by the form and appearance of the bark. Let us 
leave these prioes out of view and restrict ourselves 
to the prices obtained at the sale for ledgeriana bark, 
which varied from 63c to 22c per half-kilogram 
with an average price of 39 l3 c, and it then appears 
therefrom that even the lowest price paid gave a 
large return for the cost of harvesting, drying, pack- 
ing and sale, which altogether amounted to 15c per 
half-kilogram, and thus exercised a favorable influenoe 
on the financial results of the enterprise, whilst the 
average price obtained yielded a direct profit of 361c, 
even if all the expenses, suoh as those of man age- 
ment, the erection of buildings, laying out and up- 
keep of nurseries, opening of new land, upkeep 
of plantations, &c. &c , be taken into consideration. 
The unit price (by which is understood the price 
per cent of sulphate of quinine whioh can be pre- 
pared from the bark, and which is found by in- 
creasing the percentage of quinine by 1'346) amounted 
at the sale of 20th Oct. to 8£ cents. The average 
content of the bark therefore amounted to only 3 42 
p. o. quinine. It would be a hazardous attempt to 
forecast, whether the prices of cinchona bark will 
undergo an appreciable reduction in the near future. 
The prioe muBt rule according to demand and sup- 
ply, but it is also true, that the market price of 
satisfactorily productive land (if which alone in Java 
there is no lack) is in the end regulated according 
to the expense of production, added to an appreci- 
able profit for the planter. And on these grounds 
we should venture to prophesy a regular decline in 
the market price of cinchona bark, if not in the 
near future, at any rate certainly in the course of 
a longer or shorter period. The returns of the far 
from ideal original ledgeriana plantation at Tjinjiroean 
may give an idea of what an estate can be and 
yield, even though such high returns may not be 
obtained every year through thinning out. But at 
the same time we do not forget, that the growth of 
cinchona bark, the inorease of bark in the planta- 
tions is here left out of consideration. We refrain 
from speculations as to what unit price cinchona 
bark may fall, to but simply remark, that the estimate 
of expenditure of the enterprise may be still largely 
reduced, when new extensions shall be things of the 
past, and the expenses of laying out and upkeep of 
plantations shall have been reduced to a minimum. 
Even less than any private conoern has the Government 
enterprise come to the maximum of its yield. That 
mnximum, insofar as the market prices exercise no 
influence thereupon, will not be reached in a quarter 
of a century. If we have ventured to append these 
remarks to our report, the simple and sole aim there- 
of is to show, that, even if the cultivation of cin- 
chona has not, after a few years of trial, answered 
the expectation that was based on the high prices 
which were given a few years ago for cinchona bark, 
the complaint of low prices and the distrust in the 
culture are not entirely justified. On the contrary, 
we consider, that, from the facts recorded in this 
report, we may draw the conclusion, that with con- 
tinued intensive cultivation and rational working 
the growing of cinchona can become a rich source 
of income, both for the proprietor and for the 
people engaged in the oulture. 
TirtaBari, 20th March 1888. 
Appendix A.- 
year 1887. 
-Statement of the condition of the Government Cinohona Plantations in Java for the 
Plants in the nurseries. 
Plants in the open. 
Situation and mean height above 
sea-level of the plantations. (The 
height expressed in meters.] 
m 
o 
Lembang 
Tangkoeban Prahoe Moun- 
tain 
Nagrak 
Tangkoeban Prahoe Moun- 
tain 
Tjibitoeng 
Wajang Mountain 
Tjibeureum 
Malawar 
Tjinjiroean 
Malawar 
Mountain 
Mountain 
Rioeng Goenoeng 
Tiloe Mountain 
Kawah Tjiwidei 
Kendeng-Patoeha Moun- 
tain 
Tirtasari ... 
Malawar Mountain 
Total of different varieties 
Grant total of all varieties 
1251 1885 
1886 
1887 
1625 1885 
1886 
1887 
1527 1885 
1886 
1887 
1560 1885 
1886 
1887 
1566 1885 
1886 
1887 
1625 1885 
1886 
1887 
1950 1885 
1886 
30,000 
100,000 
20,000 100,000 
180,000 
300,000 
230,000 
80,000 160,000 
200,000 300,000 
250,000 300,000 
200,000 
200,000 
200,000 
600,000 100,000 
600,000 200,000 
650,000 200,000 
50,000 30,000 
18,000 
30,000 
20,000 
5.000 
45^000 
60,000 
3 
. 5,000 
. 4,700 
. 2,000 
, 200,000 
, 230,000 
140,000 
. 50,000 
, 60,000 
65,000 
, 150,000 
170,000 
220,000 
160,000 
. 160,000 
, 180,000 
80,000 
79,000 
. 110,000 
1,000 
1,000 
8,000 
6,000 
5,000 
40,000 
10,000 
3,000 
35,000 
30,000 
15,000 
12,000 
10,000 
9,000 
2 a 
m 
iirnb 
ind 
>pter 
sinali 
(9 
m O 
O 
100,000 
130,000 
120,000 
24,000 
40,000 
18,000 
25,000 
19,000 
17,000 
140,000 
20,000 
200,000 
14,000 
200,000 
7.000 
18,000 
15,000 
12,000 
55,000 
4,000 
60,000 
3,000 
60,000 
2,000 
94 000 
2,000 
100,000 
500 
100,000 
500 
30,000 210,000 
50,000 180,000 
80,000 145 000 
20,000 
70,000 
1887 200,000 
1885 35,000 90,000 
1886 53,000 122,000 
1887 45,500 160,000 
1885 1,065,000 325,000 ... 736,000 
1886 1,433,000 675,000 ... 826,700 
1887 1,695,500 680,000 ... 867,000 
(a) (b) 
1885 ... 1,890,000 
... 1886 ... 2,108,000 .... ... 
... 1887 ... 2,275,500 
(a) Under these are included 45,600 grafts. 
(b) Under these are included 180,000 cuttings and grafts (besides the more or less 3,000 original 
Ledgerianas). 
95,000 461,000 276,000 
56,000 573,000 222,500 
32,000 691,000 171,500 
1,576,000 
1,686,200 
1,665,500 
1 °* 
S 
* ^ o 
t-3 O 
143,000 
240,700 
247,000 
484,000 
683,000 
409,000 
450,000 
774,000 
832,000 
363,000 
385,000 
432,000 
8000 862,000 
8000 1,061,000 
4000 1,111,000 
263,000 
229,500 
239,500 
266,000 
346,000 
485,000 
125,000 
176,000 
195,000 
8000 2,966,500 
8000 3,794,000 
4000 4,041,000 
