May i, 1889.] 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
793 
"Persian Insect Powder,"— A Russian journal 
devoted to the industrial interests of the Cau- 
casus describes the cultivation of the pyrethrum 
plant in the Caucasus. Flowers of the pyrethrum 
(pyrethrum roseum) are used for making the powder, 
which is sold under various names — ' insect powder," 
" Persian powder," " death to insects," &c. In 
Europe these flowers are only found in Daimatia, but 
these are white, and not rose-violet, like those of 
the Caucasus. The Dalmatian pyrethrum is greatly 
appreciated, and when its crop is scarce the Caucasian 
flowers are eagerly sought for, and their price increa- 
ses by from 20> to 300 per cent. ; this was the case in 
1857 and 1888. Prices, which had varied between three 
and seven roubles for the previous ten years, reached 
all at once, in 1887, 15 and 16 roubles at Tiflis. For- 
merly a certain quantity of pyrethrum in powder was 
exported from the Caucasus, but Europeans were 
not satisfied with receiving this delicate article in 
this form because it was discovered to be mixed 
with foreign substances, and growers in the Caucasus 
could not reduce it to the impalpable state re- 
quisite to preserve its efficacy. At the present 
time the flowers only are exported. It is necessary 
that they should be cut as short as possible at 
the stalk, gathered when ripe, dried in the shade 
and in a current of air, because in the sun the 
bloom and rose colour are lost, and, lastly, that 
they should not be mixed with other herbs when 
being gathered. Eecently a fraud has been noticed 
in the packages of Caucasian flowers, other flowers 
resembling the pyrethrum, and dyed the same 
colour, being found. The exports amounted to 
between 175,000 and 200,000 killOL'i'amrnes last year; 
of those three-fourths were badly prepared, the 
season having been a very rainy one. 
The Future of Cinchona Bark: Advice to 
Ceylon Planters. — Messrs. Brookes & Green, the 
well-known London Brokers, in their latest report 
offer some pointed advice to the cinchona planters 
of Ceylon, advice which is well borne out by the 
statistics of bark supply they append. We quote as 
follows : — 
843 bales sold at yesterday's and the two previous 
auctions at Id to 2d per lb.; these miserable unsatis- 
factory prices are worse than disappointing to every- 
body iu the Trade, and yet these wretched qualities 
continue to be sent forward in quantity, scarcely cover- 
ing charges and all the time damaging the market for 
better BarkB the same owners hold. One-third of the 
year has gone, let Ceylon merchants limit the quantity 
they thought of shipping and get, by this means, a 
respectable figure for the Bark. If they will insist 
upon keeping up shipments, it is useless complaining 
of prices obtained ; but it does seem a pity to see Cin- 
chona Bark selling at ljd per unit, when the merchants 
in Oeylon could quickly remedy it. 
The total supply of Bark at the London auctions 
held this year : — 
South 
American. Ceylon. 
In Auction. pkgs. pkgs. wg. tons. 
CEYLON EXPOETS AND DISTRIBUTION 1888-9. 
15th Jan., 1889. 
29th do. 
12th Feb. 1889., 
26th do. 
I2tb March 1889. 
26th do. 
1,438 
400 
202 
315 
117 
295 
2,638 
2,526 
1,235 
1,514 
1,264 
1,237 
300 
280 
143 
167 
144 
135 
East India, 
pkgs. wg. tons. 
125 8 
505 
1,217 
1,072 
1,206 
608 
51 
120 
110 
120 
50 
Java. 
In Auction. 
15th January, 1889 ... 
29th do. 
12th February 1889 ... 
26th do. 
12th March 1889 ... 
26th do. 
The following are particulars of the Ceylon Bark 
sold at yesterday's sales : — 
At per lb. ..Id a 2d 2id a 3d 3Jd a 4d 4Jd a 5d 
Packages... 212 294 185 146 
pkgs. 
wg. tons, 
realized. 
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1 72860 
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11800 
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16836 
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902136 
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